Method for stabilizing hemoglobin and reagents for performing the same

ABSTRACT

A stool resuspension solution comprising a hemoglobin stabilization reagent is provided. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin stabilization reagent may be an osmolyte, a polyvalent cation, a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, a protoporphyrin, or an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation. A method of stabilizing hemoglobin in a stool sample in the solution is also provided, as well as a sample collection device containing the solution.

CROSS-REFERENCING

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/648,874, filed on Mar. 27, 2018, and 62/685,248, filed on Jun. 14, 2018, which applications are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

Tests that detect hemoglobin (Hb) in a stool specimen are commonly used for colorectal cancer screening. The common procedures utilize a sample collection device that contains buffer to stabilize hemoglobin from the time of collection until the detection assay is conducted at the lab. The ability of the buffer to properly stabilize hemoglobin is critical for accurate test results and must stabilize hemoglobin during shipment over a range of environmental conditions. Increasing the ability of the buffer to stabilize hemoglobin would, for example, allow longer shipping durations and provide more flexibility to the patient and test lab for sample processing.

SUMMARY

Provided herein, among other things, is a stool resuspension solution that comprises a hemoglobin stabilization reagent. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin stabilization reagent in the solution may be an osmolyte, a polyvalent cation, a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, a protoporphyrin, or an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation.

The solution finds use in methods that may benefit from stabilizing hemoglobin. In some embodiments, this method may comprise combining the stool sample with the stool resuspension solution to produce a suspension, and maintaining the suspension for a period of time. In some embodiments, this method may comprise shipping the suspension to a remote location. The hemoglobin stabilization reagent in the solution stabilizes the hemoglobin, thereby allowing the hemoglobin in the sample to be more accurately measured after several days in transit.

Compositions, methods and devices that employ the stool resuspension solution are provided.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Before the present invention is described in greater detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range, is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included in the smaller ranges and are also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described.

All publications and patents cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference and are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. The citation of any publication is for its disclosure prior to the filing date and should not be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed.

It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely,” “only” and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative” limitation.

As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features which may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Any recited method can be carried out in the order of events recited or in any other order which is logically possible.

A stool resuspension solution comprising one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents is provided. In some embodiments, the one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents may be selected from, e.g., an osmolyte, a polyvalent cation, a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, a protoporphyrin and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation. Examples and concentrations of such reagents in the solution are set forth in the tables shown below and in the appendices.

In some embodiments, the solution may comprise an osmolyte, e.g., betaine. In these embodiments, the osmolyte (e.g., betaine) may be at a concentration in the range of 2 M to 5 M.

In some embodiments, the solution may comprise a sugar, e.g., sucrose or trehalose. In these embodiments, the sugar (e.g., sucrose or trehalose) may be at a concentration in the range of 0.1 M to 0.5 M. In either case, the solution may optionally contain a polyvalent cation, Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺ In these embodiments, the polyvalent cation (e.g., calcium or magnesium ions) may be at a concentration in the range of 5 mM to 25 mM.

In some embodiments, the solution may comprise a polysaccharide, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted polygalacturonic acid such as α-(1-4)-linked D-galacturonic acid. In these embodiments, the polysaccharide (e.g., the substituted or unsubstituted polygalacturonic acid) may be at a concentration in the range of 0.005% to 0.5% (e.g., 0.01% to 0.125%). In these embodiments, the solution may optionally contain a polyvalent cation. In embodiments in which the solution contains a polyvalent cation, the polyvalent cation may be at a concentration in the range of 5 mM to 25 mM. In some embodiments, the solution may comprise substituted or unsubstituted polygalacturonic acid and a multivalent cation (e.g., a calcium salt or magnesium salt) at a concentration in the range of 5 mM to 25 mM.

In some embodiments, the solution may comprise a protoporphyrin, e.g., a protoporphyrin IX or an analog thereof such as octaethylporphyrin (H₂OEP) or tetraphenylporphyrin (H₂TPP), complexed with a metal ion. In these embodiments, the protoporphyrin may be hemin (protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron (Fe′) ion with a coordinating chloride ligand) or hematin. In other embodiments, the protoporphyrin may be protoporphyrin IX complexed with a divalent or trivalent cation (e.g., Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺, or Co³⁺, for example). In these embodiments, the protoporhyrin may in the solution at a concentration in the range of 0.1 μM to 100 μM (e.g., 1 μM to 10 μM). In some embodiments, the solution may comprise an HRP stabilization component selected from HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102; Fitzgerald Industries), HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02; Surmodics) and HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537; Abcam). Other HRP stabilization components, e.g., AbGuard (BioRad PN: BUF052; BioRad Laboratories Inc. 2000 Alfred Nobel Dr, Hercules, Calif. 94547) can potentially be used. If the solution comprises an HRP stabilization component, then the component may be at a concentration in the range of 1% to 20%, e.g., 5% to 15% or 5% to 20%.

In any embodiment, the solution may comprise a polyvalent cation, e.g., calcium or magnesium ions. In these embodiments, the polyvalent cation may be at a concentration in the range of 5 mM to 25 mM.

In any embodiment, the solution further comprises Tris buffer (e.g., 10 mM to 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5), bovine serum albumen (e.g., 5% to 20% BSA), polysorbate 20 (e.g., 0.05% to 0.2% polysorbate 20), a preservative such as sodium azide (e.g., 0.05% to 0.2% sodium azide), a salt such as sodium chloride (e.g., 50 mM to 250 mM sodium chloride), a chelator such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (e.g., 5 mM to 20 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and an antibiotic such as gentamicin (e.g., 5 ug/mL to 50 ug/mL).

A composition comprising: (a) a stool sample and (b) the stool resuspension solution, as described above, is also provided. The stool sample may be suspended in the solution. Some components of the stool may be dissolved in the solution, where other, insoluble components, may be suspended but not dissolved in the solution. In some embodiments, the stool sample may contain hemoglobin which may be dissolved in the solution. In these embodiments, the presence of the hemoglobin stabilization reagent may increase the amount of hemoglobin in the sample after it has been subjected to a real or simulated shipping stress, as described below, as compared to an otherwise identical control sample that has not been subjected to the stress, e.g., a “T₀” sample. In some embodiments, use of the hemoglobin stabilization reagent may increase the amount of hemoglobin in the sample by at least 10%, at least 20 or at least 30%, relative to a control stool sample that has been suspended in an otherwise identical solution that does not contain the hemoglobin stabilization reagent. The amount of hemoglobin in the sample may be determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) although several other methods are known (see, generally, Haug et al, Am J. Gastroenterology 105: 682-690; Ahlquist et al, Ann Intern Med 1984; 101:297-302; Ahlquist et al, JAMA 1993 269:1262-1267; Young et al Dig Dis Sci. 2015 60: 609-622; and Harewood et al Mayo Clin. Proc. 2002 77: 23-28).

Also provided is a method of stabilizing stool hemoglobin. In some embodiments, this method may comprise combining the stool sample with the stool resuspension solution as described above, i.e., a solution comprising one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents selected from: an osmolyte, a polyvalent cation, a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation; a protoporphyrin; and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, to produce a suspension; and maintaining the suspension for a period of time. Details of the identities of the reagents that can be in the solution as well as their concentrations are described above, below and in the accompanying appendices. In some embodiments, the method may comprise obtaining the stool sample from a larger mass of stool by scraping or scooping, e.g., using a stool sampling implement.

In some embodiments, the method may comprise shipping the sample to a remote location, e.g., to another town, city, state or country, for testing. In these embodiments, the sample may be waiting to be shipped, en route, or waiting to be tested at a remote location for several days, e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days, thereby subjecting the sample to stresses that potentially reduce the amount of hemoglobin in the sample.

Also provided is a method that comprises receiving a composition that comprises: (a) a stool sample and (b) a stool resuspension solution comprising one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents selected from, e.g., an osmolyte, a polyvalent cation, a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, a protoporphyrin, and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation. Examples and concentrations of such reagents in the solution are set forth above, below and in the accompanying appendices. In certain embodiments, this method may further comprise performing an assay on the sample after it has been received. For example, the concentration of hemoglobin in the solution may be measured, methods for performing which are described above. In addition, the amount of one or more colorectal cancer tumor markers in the sample may be tested after it has been received (see, generally, Lech et al, World J Gastroenterol. 2016 22: 1745-1755 and Scheruders et al, Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol. 2016 14: 152-162). These embodiments may further comprise forwarding test results to a remote location by, e.g., fax or e-mail, etc., or via the internet via a portal, so that the results can be obtained by a medical practitioner (e.g., an MD or a nurse, etc.), in advance of providing a diagnosis to the patient from which the stool sample was obtained.

Also provided is a sample collection device that comprises: (a) a sample collection container having an open end; (b) a stool resuspension solution that is within the container, where the solution comprises one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents selected from: an osmolyte, a polyvalent cation, a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, a protoporphyrin, and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, as described herein; and (c) a stool sampling rod comprising a distal beveled tip for scooping and/or scraping a sample of stool. In this device, the distal end of the sampling rod is dimensioned to be inserted into the sample collection container and the proximal end of the sampling rod is adapted to connect with the open end of the sample collection container, thereby sealing distal end of the sampling rod within the device. In some embodiments, the sample collection container and sampling rod may connect via a screw fit. With the exception of the hemoglobin stabilization reagent, details, options and the design of an example of such a sample collection device can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,211,112, for example. In some embodiments, the device may comprise a) a body comprising a sample collection chamber bounded on a distal end by a penetrable seal affixed to a recessed sealing surface of the distal end of the body and bounded on a proximal end by a septum comprising an aperture, said penetrable seal being penetrable by a pipette tip or needle; b) a flexible sampling rod comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion, said sampling rod adapted to fit through and seal said aperture when said distal portion is in said sample collection chamber, wherein said distal portion comprises: i) an asymmetrical beveled tip at a distal end, said beveled tip having an apex at the circumference of the flexible sampling rod and configured to bend the flexible sampling rod away from collisions and/or to deflect collisions with an inserted pipette tip or needle; and ii) a plurality of stacked coaxial frusta of cones to form a plurality of metering ridges; and c) the stool resuspension solution described above in the sample collection chamber, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,211,112.

Embodiments

Embodiment 1. A composition comprising: (a) a stool sample; and (b) a stool resuspension solution comprising one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents selected from: a protoporphyrin; a polyvalent cation; a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation; an osmolyte; and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation.

Embodiment 2. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the stool sample contains hemoglobin.

Embodiment 3. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the solution comprises betaine.

Embodiment 4. The composition of embodiment 2, wherein the betaine is at a concentration in the range of 2 M to 5 M.

Embodiment 5. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the solution comprises sucrose or trehalose, and, optionally, a polyvalent cation.

Embodiment 6. The composition of embodiment 5, wherein the sucrose or trehalose is at a concentration in the range of 0.1 M to 0.5 M and the solution, optionally comprises, a polyvalent cation.

Embodiment 7. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the solution comprises substituted or unsubstituted polygalacturonic acid and, optionally, a polyvalent cation.

Embodiment 8. The composition of embodiment 1 or 7, wherein the solution comprises α-(1-4)-linked D-galacturonic acid and, optionally, a polyvalent cation.

Embodiment 9. The composition of embodiment 7, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polygalacturonic acid is at a concentration in the range of 0.005% to 0.5%.

Embodiment 10. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the solution comprises substituted or unsubstituted polygalacturonic acid and a multivalent cation (e.g., a calcium salt or magnesium salt) at a concentration in the range of 5 mM to 25 mM.

Embodiment 11. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the solution comprises a protoporphyrin.

Embodiment 12. The composition of embodiment 11, wherein the protoporphyrin is hemin or hematin.

Embodiment 13. The composition of embodiment 11, wherein the protoporphyrin comprises protoporphyrin IX complexed with a divalent or trivalent cation (e.g., Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺ or Co³±).

Embodiment 14. The composition of any of embodiments 11-13, wherein the protoporphyrin is at a concentration in the range of 0.1 μM to 100 μM (e.g., 1 μM to 10 μM).

Embodiment 15. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the solution comprises an HRP stabilization component selected from HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102; Fitzgerald Industries), HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02; Surmodics) and HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537; Abcam)

Embodiment 16. The composition of embodiment 15, wherein the HRP stabilization component is at a concentration in the range of 1% to 20%.

Embodiment 17. The composition of any prior embodiment, wherein the solution comprises one or more cations selected from iron, cobalt, chromium, zinc, calcium or magnesium ions.

Embodiment 18. The composition of embodiment 17, wherein the cations are at a concentration in the range of 5 mM to 25 mM.

Embodiment 19. The composition of any prior embodiment, wherein the stool sample is suspended in the solution.

Embodiment 20. The composition of any prior embodiment, wherein the solution further comprises Tris buffer, bovine serum albumen, polysorbate 20, sodium azide, sodium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and gentamicin.

Embodiment 21. A method of stabilizing hemoglobin in a stool sample, comprising: combining the stool sample with a stool resuspension solution comprising one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents selected from: a protoporphyrin; a polyvalent cation; a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation; an osmolyte; and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation; to produce a suspension; and maintaining the suspension for a period of time.

Embodiment 22. The method of embodiment 17, wherein the method comprises shipping the suspension to a remote location.

Embodiment 23. A method of analyzing a stool sample, comprising: (a) receiving, from a remote location, a composition comprising: (i) a stool sample; and (ii) a stool resuspension solution comprising one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents selected from: a protoporphyrin; a polyvalent cation; a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation; an osmolyte; and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation, wherein the stool sample is suspended in the solution; and (b) measuring the amount of hemoglobin in the composition.

Embodiment 24. The method of embodiment 19, further comprising measuring the amount of one or more colorectal cancer tumor markers in the sample.

Embodiment 25. A sample collection device comprising: a sample collection container having an open end; a stool resuspension solution that is within the container, comprising one or more hemoglobin stabilization reagents selected from: a protoporphyrin; a polyvalent cation; a sugar or polysaccharide and, optionally, a polyvalent cation; an osmolyte; and an HRP stabilization component and, optionally, a polyvalent cation; and a stool sampling rod comprising a distal beveled tip for scooping and/or scraping a sample of stool, wherein the distal end of the sampling rod is dimensioned to be inserted into the sample collection container and the proximal end of the sampling rod is adapted to connect with the open end of the sample collection container, thereby sealing distal end of the sampling rod within the device.

Embodiment 26. The sample collection device of embodiment 25, wherein the sample collection container and sampling rod connect via a screw fit.

Embodiment 27. A method of stabilizing hemoglobin in a stool sample, comprising: combining the stool sample with a stool resuspension solution comprising protoporphyrin IX complexed with a multivalent cation to produce a suspension; and maintaining the suspension for a period of time.

Embodiment 28. The method of embodiment 27, wherein the method comprises shipping the suspension to a remote location.

Embodiment 29. A method of analyzing a stool sample, comprising: (a) receiving, from a remote location, a composition comprising: (i.) a stool sample; and (ii.) a stool resuspension solution comprising protoporphyrin IX complexed with a multivalent cation, wherein the stool sample is suspended in the solution; and (b) measuring the amount of hemoglobin in the composition.

Embodiment 30. The method of any of embodiments 27-29, further comprising measuring the amount of one or more colorectal cancer tumor markers in the sample.

Embodiment 31. The method of any of embodiments 27-30, wherein the multivalent cation is Cr³⁺ or Co³⁺.

Embodiment 32. The method of any of embodiments 27-31, wherein the solution has a pH in the range of pH 6.5 to pH 7.4.

Embodiment 33. The method of any of embodiments 27-32, wherein the multivalent cation is Cr³⁺ and the pH of the solution is in the range of pH 6.9 to pH 7.4.

Embodiment 34. The method of any of embodiments 27-32, wherein the multivalent cation is Co³⁺ and the pH of the solution is in the range of pH 6.5 to pH 7.0.

Embodiment 35. The method of any of embodiments 27-34, wherein the protoporphyrin IX is at a concentration in the range of 0.5 μM to 10 μM.

Embodiment 36. A sample collection device comprising: a sample collection container having an open end; a stool resuspension solution comprising protoporphyrin IX complexed with a multivalent cation; and a stool sampling rod comprising a distal beveled tip for scooping and/or scraping a sample of stool, wherein the distal end of the sampling rod is dimensioned to be inserted into the sample collection container and the proximal end of the sampling rod is adapted to connect with the open end of the sample collection container, thereby sealing distal end of the sampling rod within the device.

Embodiment 37. The sample collection device of embodiment 36, wherein the sample collection container and sampling rod connect via a screw fit.

Embodiment 38. The sample collection device of embodiment 36 or 37, wherein the multivalent cation is Cr³⁺ or Co³⁺.

Embodiment 39. The sample collection device of any of embodiments 36-38, wherein the solution has a pH in the range of pH 6.5 to pH 7.4.

Embodiment 40. The sample collection device of any of embodiments 36-39, wherein the multivalent cation is Cr³⁺ and the pH of the solution is in the range of pH 6.9 to pH 7.4.

Embodiment 41. The sample collection device of any of embodiments 36-39, wherein the multivalent cation is Co³⁺ and the pH of the solution is in the range of pH 6.5 to pH 7.0.

Embodiment 42. The sample collection device of any of embodiments 16-21, wherein the protoporphyrin IX is at a concentration in the range of 0.5 μM to 10 μM.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it is readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.

Example 1 Simulated Shipping Stress

To assess the stability of hemoglobin in stool samples, samples were exposed to simulated shipping stress conditions using a thermal cycler. Table 1 shows the time and temperature profile for a 3-Day (72 hour) shipping simulation. An ELISA based detection method is used to determine the hemoglobin concentrations of samples before and after exposure to the shipping simulation. Hemoglobin stability is calculated as a % recovery of hemoglobin after the samples have been exposed to the shipping simulation.

TABLE 1 3-Day Shipping Simulation Duration Total Temp Simulated Shipping Condition (hrs) time (hrs) (° C.) Pre-shipping hold at ambient 24 24 22 temperature Ambient, overnight shipping 9 33 22 3 36 35 4 40 22 5 45 35 5 50 22 4 54 35 Post-shipping hold at ambient 18 72 22 temperature

An accelerated shipping simulation profile was created to mimic the 3-Day shipping simulation but in a shortened amount of time. Table 2 shows the time and temperature profile for an accelerated shipping simulation. Samples exposed to the accelerated shipping simulation exhibit similar levels of Hb stability as when exposed to the 3-Day shipping simulation.

TABLE 2 Accelerated Shipping Simulation Simulated Shipping Duration Temp Condition (hrs) (° C.) Incubation at Temperature 16 35

To assess the stability of hemoglobin in stool samples beyond 3 days, a 7-Day shipping simulation was created. Table 3 shows the time and temperature profile for a 7-Day shipping simulation.

TABLE 3 7-Day Shipping Simulation Duration Total Temp Simulated Shipping Condition (hrs) time (hrs) (° C.) Pre-shipping hold at ambient 40 40 22 temperature Ambient, overnight shipping 9 49 22 3 52 35 4 56 22 5 61 35 5 66 22 4 70 35 Post-shipping hold at ambient 2 72 22 temperature 48 120 22 48 168 22

As an additional challenge, a shipping simulation meant to represent a “worst case” scenario was created using extreme temperatures. Table 4 show the time and temperature profile for a 3-Day extreme temperature shipping simulation.

TABLE 4 3-Day Extreme Temperature Shipping Simulation Simulated Shipping Duration Total Temp Condition (hrs) time (hrs) (° C.) Pre-shipping hold at 16 16 22 ambient temperature Extreme High 2.17 18.17 43.5 Temperature 6.17 24.34 33 overnight shipping 5 29.34 34 1.83 31.17 32.5 1.5 32.67 27.5 1.67 34.34 38.5 2.83 37.17 33 2.83 40 37 Post-shipping hold at 32 72 22 ambient temperature

Assay Results

The performance of the existing buffer formulation (shown below) was tested. The average percent hemoglobin recovery across all samples was determined for days 3, 5, and 7 of the 7-Day shipping simulation. These results are shown below.

Final Concentration Component N/A Water  20 mM 1M Tris pH 7.5    10% BSA  0.10% 20% Tween 20 0.095% 5% Sodium Azide 140 mM Sodium Chloride  10 mM 0.5M EDTA    15 μg/mL 50 mg/mL Gentamicin

Results are listed in the table below.

Timepoint % Hb Recovery Day 3 71 Day 5 68 Day 7 63

The desired % Hb Recovery at 7 days is minimally 70%. As such, the existing buffer formulation does not achieve the desired level of stability beyond 3 days (72 hours).

In an effort to improve hemoglobin stability, several classes of compounds (see Appendix A) were evaluated as additives to the base buffer formulation (also referred to herein as the existing buffer formulation) described above.

These compounds were tested at various concentrations and in combination. A list of the compounds tested using the accelerated shipping simulation and the results of these assays are found in Appendix B. A list of the compounds tested using the 3-day shipping simulation and their results are found in Appendix C. A list of the combinations of compounds that were tested is shown in Appendix D.

Of the compounds evaluated, several were identified that show potential in enhancing the stability of hemoglobin as additives to the existing buffer formulation. These compounds are listed in the table below:

Compound Classification Compound Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose Sucrose Polygalacturonic Acid (Pectic Acid) Osmolytes/ Betaine Extremolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide Polyvalent Ions/ Magnesium Sulfate Metal Salts Calcium Chloride HRP Stabilizer HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537)

The compounds demonstrating the most potential for enhancing Hb stability from the accelerated shipping and other simulations were tested on three stool samples in several different shipping simulations. These results are shown below.

In a 3-Day (72 hour) shipping simulation the potential additives demonstrate improved stability over the existing formulation (Hb Collection Buffer). See the following table:

3-Day Shipping Simulation Compound Additive % Hb Classification Additive Concentration Recovery Notes Hb Collection Buffer NA 75 Current formulation Polymedco (Eiken) NA 81 Buffer Osmolytes Betaine 3.5M 78 Improved Hb Stability Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.24M 75 Improved Hb Stability Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.3M 77 Improved Hb Stability Polyvalent Ions/ Calcium Chloride 10 mM 77 Improved Hb Metal Salts Stability Polyvalent Ions/ Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 79 Improved Hb Metal Salts Stability HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% 77 Improved Hb Components (PN 85R-102) Stability HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% + 10 mM 97 Improved Hb Components + (PN 85R-102) + CaCl2 Stability Polyvalent Ions HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% + 10 mM 87 Improved Hb Components + (PN 85R-102) + MgSO4 Stability Polyvalent Ions HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% 76 Improved Hb Components (PN SZ02) Stability HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% + 10 mM 88 Improved Hb Components + (PN SZ02) + CaCl2 Stability Polyvalent Ions HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% + 10 mM 92 Improved Hb Components + (PN SZ02) + MgSO4 Stability Polyvalent Ions

The HRP (horse radish peroxidase) stabilizers tested and shown in the tables are:

HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102), Fitzgerald Industries International, 30 Sudbury Road, Suite 1A North, Acton, Mass., 01720 USA

HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02), Surmodics, Inc., 9924 West 74th Street, Eden Prairie, Minn. 55344 USA

HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537), Abcam, 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, Mass. 02139 USA

In a 7-Day shipping simulation the potential additives demonstrate improved stability over the existing formulation (Hb Collection Buffer). See the following Table:

7-Day Shipping Simulation Additive % Hb % Hb % Hb Compound Concen- Recovery Recovery Recovery Classification Additive tration Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Notes Hb Collection NA 71 68 63 Current Buffer formulation Polymedco Buffer NA 83 83 80 Polyvalent Calcium Chloride 10 mM 77 75 73 Improved Hb Ions/Metal Salts Stability Polyvalent Magnesium 10 mM 76 74 71 Improved Hb Ions/Metal Salts Sulfate Stability Osmolytes Betaine 3.5M 78 74 70 Improved Hb Stability HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate 15% 80 75 69 Improved Hb Components Stabilizer (PN 85R- Stability 102) HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate 15% + 89 88 82 Improved Hb Components + Stabilizer (PN 85R- 10 mM Stability Polyvalent Ions 102) + CaCl2 HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate 15% + 89 88 82 Improved Hb Components + Stabilizer (PN 85R- 10 mM Stability Polyvalent Ions 102) + MgSO4 HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate 15% 80 70 61 Improved Hb Components Stabilizer (PN Stability SZ02) HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate 15% + 86 83 78 Improved Hb Components + Stabilizer (PN 10 mM Stability Polyvalent Ions SZ02) + CaCl2 HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate 15% + 90 85 79 Improved Hb Components + Stabilizer (PN 10 mM Stability Polyvalent Ions SZ02) + MgSO4

In a 3-Day extreme temperature shipping simulation the potential additives demonstrate improved stability over the existing formulation (Hb Collection Buffer). Additives containing HRP stabilization buffer and Calcium Chloride or Magnesium Sulfate also demonstrate improved Hb stability compared to the Polymedco buffer. See following Table:

3-Day Extreme Temperature Shipping Simulation Compound Additive % Hb Classification Additive Concentration Recovery Notes Hb Collection NA NA 47 Current Buffer formulation Polymedco Buffer NA NA 67 Polyvalent Ions/ Calcium Chloride 10 mM 58 Improved Hb Metal Salts Stability Polyvalent Ions/ Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 54 Improved Hb Metal Salts Stability Osmolytes Betaine 3.5M 61 Improved Hb Stability HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% 56 Improved Hb Components (PN 85R-102) Stability HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% and 10 mM 77 Improved Hb Components + (PN 85R-102) + CaCl2 Stability Polyvalent Ions HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer 15% and 10 mM 71 Improved Hb Components + (PN 85R-102) + MgSO4 Stability Polyvalent Ions

In an accelerated shipping simulation, the additive polygalacturonic acid (with calcium chloride) is demonstrating improved Hb stability over the existing formulation (Hb Collection Buffer) at different concentrations. See the following table:

Accelerated Shipping Simulation Compound Additive % Hb Classification Additive Concentration Recovery Notes Hb Collection NA NA 72 Current Buffer formulation Sugars/ Polygalacturonic Acid +  0.01% + 10 mM 83 Improved Hb Saccharides Calcium Chloride Stability Polygalacturonic Acid + 0.025% + 10 mM 91 Improved Hb Calcium Chloride Stability Polygalacturonic Acid +  0.05% + 10 mM 86 Improved Hb Calcium Chloride Stability Polygalacturonic Acid + 0.075% + 10 mM 79 Improved Hb Calcium Chloride Stability Polygalacturonic Acid +   0.1% + 10 mM 64 No Improvement Calcium Chloride Polygalacturonic Acid + 0.125% + 10 mM 86 Improved Hb Calcium Chloride Stability

Another class of compounds called protoporphyrins was tested and can enhance the stability of hemoglobin when added to the existing buffer formulation. The protoporphyrins tested are shown in the table below. Note that in some test cases the pH was altered as solubility of protoporphyrins is known to be sensitive to pH.

TABLE 14 Additional Potential Compounds Compound Classification Compound Protoporphyrins Protoporphyrin IX Zinc Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt Protoporphyrin IX Chromium Hemin (Protoporphyrin IX Iron) Hematin (Protoporphyrin IX Iron)

In a 3-Day (72 hour) shipping simulation the existing formulation with added protoporphyrin provided improved stability over the existing formulation without any protoporphyrin). These results are shown in the table below.

3-Day Shipping Simulation Compound Additive Classification Additive Concentration % Hb Recovery Notes Hb Collection NA 70 Current Buffer formulation Polymedco NA 80 (Eiken) Buffer Protoporphyrin Hemin (Buffer pH 6.5) 0.0003% 88 Improved (4.8 μM) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Hemin (Buffer pH 7.4) 0.0003% 78 Improved (4.8 μM) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zn 1 μM 89 Improved (Buffer pH 6.5) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zn 1 μM 75 Improved (Buffer pH 7.4) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cr 2.5 μM   117  Improved (Buffer pH 6.5) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cr 2.5 μM   102  Improved (Buffer pH 7.4) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Co 5 μM 109  Improved (Buffer pH 6.5) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Co 5 μM 111  Improved (Buffer pH 7.4) Hb Stability

In a 7-day shipping simulation the existing formulation with added protoporphyrin provided improved stability over the existing formulation without any protoporphyrin. These results are shown in the table below.

7-Day Shipping Simulation Additive % Hb % Hb % Hb Compound Concen- Recovery Recovery Recovery Classification Additive tration Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Notes Hb Collection NA 70 64 60 Current Buffer formulation Polymedco NA 83 82 80 (Eiken) Buffer Protoporphyrin Hemin (Buffer 0.0003% 85 81 80 Improved pH 6.5) (4.8 μM) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Hemin (Buffer 0.0003% 78 77 68 Improved pH 7.4) (4.8 μM) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin   1 μM 84 83 80 Improved IX Zn (Buffer Hb Stability pH 6.5) Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin   1 μM 73 70 65 Improved IX Zn (Buffer Hb Stability pH 7.4) Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin 2.5 μM 109 113 110 Improved IX Cr (Buffer Hb Stability pH 6.5) Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin 2.5 μM 93 91 90 Improved IX Cr (Buffer Hb Stability pH 7.4) Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin   5 μM 101 104 104 Improved IX Co (Buffer Hb Stability pH 6.5) Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin Improved IX Co (Buffer   5 μM 103 99 93 Hb Stability pH 7.4)

Adding protoporphyrins to the existing formulation (Hb Collection Buffer) also improves Hb stability in 3-Day extreme temperature shipping simulation. In addition, additives containing protoporphyrin cobalt (Co) or protoporphyrin chromium (Cr) demonstrate improved Hb stability compared to the Polymedco buffer. See the table below:

3-Day Extreme Temperature Shipping Simulation Compound Additive Classification Additive Concentration % Hb Recovery Notes Hb Collection NA NA 46 Current Buffer formulation Polymedco Buffer NA NA 69 Protoporphyrin Hemin (Buffer pH 6.5) 0.0003% 67 Improved (4.8 μM) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Hemin (Buffer pH 7.4) 0.0003% 54 Improved (4.8 μM) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zn 1 μM 64 Improved (Buffer pH 6.5) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cr 2.5 μM   92 Improved (Buffer pH 6.5) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cr 2.5 μM   68 Improved (Buffer pH 7.4) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Co 5 μM 81 Improved (Buffer pH 6.5) Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Co 5 μM 73 Improved (Buffer pH 7.4) Hb Stability

Further Testing of Protoporphyrin

Protoporphyrin IX was tested at various concentrations and pHs using the 7-Day Modified Shipping Simulation conditions listed below as well as other conditions.

7-Day Modified Shipping Simulation Simulated Shipping Duration Total Time Temp Condition (hrs) (hrs) (° C.) Pre-shipping hold at ambient 72   72 22 temperature Pre-shipping temperature spike 8  80 35 Pre-shipping hold at ambient 16   96 22 temperature Ambient, overnight shipping 24  120 22 9 129 22 3 132 35 4 136 22 5 141 35 5 146 22 4 150 35 Post-shipping hold at ambient 18  168 22 temperature

The following table shows that buffers containing Cobalt(III) PPIX (Protoporphyrin IX) at concentrations of 3-6 μM at an adjusted pH range of 6.4-7.0 provide increased Hb stability in the 7-Day Modified Shipping Simulation.

7-Day Modified Shipping Simulation Compound Classification Additive Additive Conc. Buffer pH % Hb Recovery Notes Hb Collection NA NA 7.4 59.4 Current Buffer Formulation Polymedco NA NA NA 70 Buffer (Eiken) Protoporphyrins Protoporphyrin 3 μM 6.9 75.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 3.5 μM   6.9 82.2 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 4 μM 6.4 100.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 4 μM 6.6 94.8 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 4 μM 6.8 93.3 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 4 μM 6.9 84.8 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 4 μM 7.0 87.7 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 4.5 μM   6.9 84.6 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 5 μM 6.4 105.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 5 μM 6.6 102.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 5 μM 6.8 95.5 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 5 μM 6.9 84.1 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 5 μM 7.0 95.7 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 6 μM 6.4 110.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 6 μM 6.6 106.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 6 μM 6.8 101.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability Protoporphyrin 6 μM 7.0 95.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability

The following table shows that buffers containing Cobalt(III) PPIX (Protoporphyrin IX) at concentrations of 2.5-10 μM at an adjusted pH of 6.8 provide increased Hb stability in the 3 and 7 day Shipping Simulations.

The following table shows that buffers containing Chromium(III) PPIX (Protoporphyrin IX) at concentrations of 0.5-10 μM at an adjusted pH of 7.1 provide increased Hb stability in the 3 and 7 day Shipping Simulations.

3-Day and 7-Day Shipping Simulation 3-Day % 7-Day % Compound Additive Buffer Hb Hb Class Additive Conc. pH Recovery Recovery Notes Hb Collection NA NA 7.4 61.5 54.8 Current Buffer Formulation Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin 2.5 μM 6.8 80.2 79.5 Improved Hb IX Co Stability   3 μM 6.8 76.0 73.4 Improved Hb Stability   5 μM 6.8 82.8 82.7 Improved Hb Stability   7 μM 6.8 86.5 83.7 Improved Hb Stability 7.5 μM 6.8 92.9 94.8 Improved Hb Stability  10 μM 6.8 95.5 101.3 Improved Hb Stability Protoporphyrin 0.5 μM 7.1 75.0 65.6 Improved Hb IX Cr Stability 2.5 μM 7.1 86.3 78.9 Improved Hb Stability 4.5 μM 7.1 94.5 86.4 Improved Hb Stability   5 μM 7.1 97.0 99.4 Improved Hb Stability 7.5 μM 7.1 108.7 112.7 Improved Hb Stability  10 μM 7.1 116.8 113.8 Improved Hb Stability

The following table shows that buffers containing Cobalt(III) PPIX (Protoporphyrin IX) at concentrations of 2.5-10 μM at an adjusted pH range of 6.2-7.4 provide increased Hb stability in the 35 C 16 hour challenge.

The following table shows that buffers containing Chromium(III) PPIX (Protoporphyrin IX) at concentrations of 1.25-5 μM at an adjusted pH range of 6.2-7.4 provide increased Hb stability in the 35 C 16 hour challenge.

35C 16 hour challenge Compound Class. Additive Additive Conc. Buffer PH % Recovery Notes Hb Collection NA NA 7.4 71.2 Current Buffer Formulation Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin 2.5 μM 6.2 76.0 Improved Hb IX Co Stability 2.5 μM 6.5 84.1 Improved Hb Stability 2.5 μM 6.8 82.3 Improved Hb Stability 2.5 μM 7.1 80.4 Improved Hb Stability 5.0 μM 6.2 104.3 Improved Hb Stability 5.0 μM 6.5 105.5 Improved Hb Stability 5.0 μM 6.8 93.8 Improved Hb Stability 5.0 μM 7.1 85.1 Improved Hb Stability 5.0 μM 7.4 78.4 Improved Hb Stability  10 μM 6.2 116.0 Improved Hb Stability  10 μM 6.8 107.6 Improved Hb Stability  10 μM 7.1 112.9 Improved Hb Stability  10 μM 7.4 98.5 Improved Hb Stability Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin 1.25 μM  6.2 74.0 Improved Hb IX Cr Stability 1.25 μM  6.5 77.0 Improved Hb Stability 1.25 μM  6.8 105.0 Improved Hb Stability 1.25 μM  7.1 77.5 Improved Hb Stability 1.25 μM  7.4 73.5 Improved Hb Stability 2.5 μM 6.2 79.8 Improved Hb Stability 2.5 μM 6.5 86.3 Improved Hb Stability 2.5 μM 6.8 85.0 Improved Hb Stability 2.5 μM 7.1 81.8 Improved Hb Stability 2.5 μM 7.4 73.1 Improved Hb Stability   5 μM 6.2 87.5 Improved Hb Stability   5 μM 6.5 89.6 Improved Hb Stability   5 μM 7.1 86.0 Improved Hb Stability   5 μM 7.4 75.5 Improved Hb Stability

Accordingly, the preceding merely illustrates the principles of the invention. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples and conditional language recited herein are principally intended to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventors to furthering the art and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents and equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure. The scope of the present invention, therefore, is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described herein. Rather, the scope and spirit of the present invention is embodied by the appended claims.

APPENDIX A Compound Classification Compound Metal Chelators Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) Ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) Iminodisuccinic acid (IDS; ISA) N,N-bis-(Carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Trisodium N-(1-Carboxylatoethyl)iminodiacetate Hydrate (MGDA) Phytic Acid (IP6) ATMP - Amino tris (methylene phosphonic acid) Iminodiacetic Acid (IDA) sodium tripolyphosphate ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-4-acetic acid (EDTA) Flavoniods quercetin chrysin-pyridine daidzein - DMSO 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Protease/ aurintircarboxylic acid ammonium salt Phosphatase Inhibitors methylisothiazolone Proclin 300 sodium fluoride Crosslinkers poly(acrylic acid) 4arm-PEG20K-Maleimide mPEG-Maleimide, 5K glutaraldehyde Dimethyl 3,3′-dithiopropionimidate dihydrochloride bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate formaldehyde solution magnesium gluconate cysteamine methylglyoxal Similar to Imidazole Drabkin's Reagent hydroxylamine (cyanide) Histidine Non-covalent polysufonated polymers (dextran sulphate) Hb interactions heparin PEG 2000 PEG 20000 PEG 8000 Bovine Serum Albumin Poly viny alcohol Sulfonic Acids methanedisulfonic acid dipotassiurn salt propanedisulfonic acid disodium sat piperazine-N-N′-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES) Preservatives with Sodium Thiosulfate thiol groups Cysteine glutathione dithiothreitol TCEP Sugars/Saccharides trehalose Glucose raffinose corn starch potato starch Gum arabic xanthan gum Lactose Maltose Fructose Galactose Isomaltotriose Maltotriose Melezitose Kestose Stachyose Glucose Tetrasaccharide Erlose Mannose Polygalacturonic Acid Galacturonic Acid (monomer) Sodium Alginate (synthetic) Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) Redox/antioxidants lipoic acid mPEG2K-Thioctic acid ascorbic acid glutathione Deferoxamine mesylate salt uric acid urea Formaldehyde Releasers Imidazolidinyl Urea Bronopol Diazolidinyl Urea DMDM Hydantoin Sodium hydroxymethyl glycinate Tris(Hydroxymethyl)nitromethane 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Streck Cell Preservative Solution 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride Substrates Styrene Glycol Styrene Oxide Sodium Bicarbonate DPG, diphospho glycerate Arginine Lysine Resveratrol Protoporphyrins Protoporphyrin IX Zn Protoporphyrin IX Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt Protoporphyrin IX Chromium Protoporphyrin IX Magnesium Protoporphyrin IX Manganese Protoporphyrin IX Tin Protoporphyrin IX Gallium Hemin, Bovine Hematin Bilirubin Biliverdin Osmolytes/Extremolytes Betaine Trimethylamine N-oxide Ectoine Firoin Formaldehyde + paraformaldehyde Ammonium Salt formaldehyde solution Complexes ammonium chloride ammonium sulfate ammonium acetate ammonium oxalate hexamethylenetetramine Ionic Liquids 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol Methyl hexanoate 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Sodium Bromide Deep Eutectic Solvents Choline Chloride Tetrabutylammonium bromide urea Imidazole Glycerol Ethylene Glycol D-glucose Polyvalent Ions/ Fe (III) Chloride Metal Salts Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Sodium Bisulfite Sodium Carbonate Sodium Perchlorate Sodium Phosphate Sodium Acetate Potassium Chloride Magnesium Chloride Potassium Acetate Lithium Chloride Iron (II) Sulfate Magnesium Sulfate Zinc chloride Calcium Chloride Calcium Gluconate Calcium Propoinate HRP Stabilizer Calcium Propoinate Components 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid ammonium salt aluminum chloride hexahydrate 4-bromophenol 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one-hydrochloride 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane AAT Bioquest HRP Stabilization Buffer Azobenzene Phenol Red Proclin 300 Candor HRP Stabilization Buffer Innova HRP Stabilization Buffer Surmodics HRP Stabilization Buffer BioRad HRP Stabilization Buffer Sigma HRP Stabilization Buffer Guardian Peroxidase Conjugate Buffer Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer Sigma HRP Stabilization Buffer Vitamins Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate hydrate (B6) NAD Vitamin B12 NADH Nicotinic Acid (B3) Folic Acid (M) Nicotinamide (B3) Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) Preservatives Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrite Sodium Citrate Sodium Benzoate Preservatives/Parabens Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Aldehydes formaldehyde solution paraformaldehyde Glutaraldehyde Furfural p-Tolualdehyde Cinnamaldehyde Butyraldehyde Glycolaldehyde Dimer Glyceraldehyde Formamide 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde Benzaldehyde Acetylaldehyde Vanillin Plasma Human Plasma Albumin Glycine HDL LDL Phosphatidylcholine Cohns Fraction II/III Cohns Fraction IV Fetal Bovine Serum Bovine Plasma Gamma Globulins Gelatins Gelatin - Bovine Type B (225 g bloom) Gelatin - Porcine Type A (90-110 g bloom) Gelatin - Porcine Type A (175 g bloom) Gelatin - Porcine Type A (300 g bloom) Gelatin - Cold Water Fish Skin Detergents Brij 35 Tween 20 Triton X-100 Solvents 1N HCl 1M NaOH 1M Tris, pH 7.5 pyridine DMSO

APPENDIX B % Hb Compound aassification Additive Additive Concentration Recovery Results None Hb Collection Buffer - No additive NA 68 Current Buffer Formulation None Polymedco Buffer - No additive NA 80 Ionic Liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1 mM 68 No Improvement Ionic Liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 10 mM 69 No Improvement Ionic Liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 100 mM 65 No Improvement Ionic Liquids 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 0.02% 67 No Improvement Ionic Liquids 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 0.20% 61 No Improvement Ionic Liquids 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1% 42 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX 0.001 mM 65 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX 0.01 mM 62 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX 0.1 mM 63 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX Zn 0.001 mM 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX Zn 0.01 mM 59 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX Zn 0.1 mM 53 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Sodium hydroxylmethyl glycinate 0.1 mM 70 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Sodium hydroxylmethyl glycinate 1 mM 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Sodium hydroxylmethyl glycinate 10 mM 66 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 50 mM 76 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 100 mM 72 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 200 mM 74 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX + FeCl3 0.1 mM + 0.1 mM 62 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX + FeCl3 1 mM + 1 mM 53 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoprophyrin IX + FeCl3 10 mM + 10 mM 40 No Improvement Crosslinkers Poly Acrylic Acid 1 mM 64 No Improvement Crosslinkers Poly Acrylic Acid 5 mM 56 No Improvement Crosslinkers Poly Acrylic Acid 7 mM 58 No Improvement Crosslinkers 4arm-PEG2K-Maleimide + Iminothiolane 0.062 mM + 1 mM 67 No Improvement hydrochloride Crosslinkers 4arm-PEG2K-Maleimide + Iminothiolane 0.125 mM + 2 mM 66 No Improvement hydrochloride Crosslinkers 4arm-PEG2K-Maleimide + Iminothiolane 2.5 mM + 10 mM 27 No Improvement hydrochloride Crosslinkers mPEG-Mal, 5K + Iminothiolane 0.5 mM + 1 mM 65 No Improvement hydrochloride Crosslinkers mPEG-Mal, 5K + Iminothiolane 1 mM + 2 mM 58 No Improvement hydrochloride Crosslinkers mPEG-Mal, 5K + Iminothiolane 5 mM + 10 mM 56 No Improvement hydrochloride Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 1% 97 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 5% 98 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 10% 97 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 25% 94 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 50% 95 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 1% 96 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 5% 97 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 10% 96 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 25% 98 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 50% 99 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 1% 97 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.50% 92 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.10% 99 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.05% 101  High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.01% 81 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.005% 81 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.001% 71 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.005% 77 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.01% 80 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.02% 88 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.03% 93 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.04% 97 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.05% 95 High Background Signal Plasma Human Plasma, lyopholyzed 0.10% 99 High Background Signal Plasma Albumin, Human 0.0025 mg/mL 71 No Improvement Plasma Albumin, Human 0.025 mg/mL 90 No Improvement Plasma Albumin, Human 0.25 mg/mL 98 No Improvement Plasma Albumin, Human 2.5 mg/mL 99 No Improvement Plasma Albumin, Human 25 mg/mL 98 No Improvement Plasma Glycine 0.0002 mg/mL 68 No Improvement Plasma Glycine 0.002 mg/mL 68 No Improvement Plasma Glycine 0.02 mg/mL 71 No Improvement Plasma Cohn's Fraction II/III 0.005 mg/mL 70 High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction II/III 0.05 mg/mL 80 High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction II/III 0.5 mg/mL 99 High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction II/III 5 mg/mL 100  High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction II/III 50 mg/mL 97 High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction IV 0.005 mg/mL 106  High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction IV 0.05 mg/mL 100  High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction IV 0.5 mg/mL 98 High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction IV 5 mg/mL 96 High Background Signal Plasma Cohn's Fraction IV 50 mg/mL 98 High Background Signal Plasma HDL 0.0025 mg/mL 69 No Improvement Plasma HDL 0.025 mg/mL 69 No Improvement Plasma HDL 0.25 mg/mL 70 No Improvement Plasma LDL 0.0025 mg/mL 69 No Improvement Plasma LDL 0.025 mg/mL 70 No Improvement Plasma LDL 0.25 mg/mL 67 No Improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine 0.01 mg/mL 67 No Improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine 0.1 mg/mL 66 No Improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine 1 mg/mL 62 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 1 mM 74 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 78 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 100 mM 119  Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Deep Eutectic Solvents Ethylene Glycol 5% 69 No Improvement Deep Eutectic Solvents Ethylene Glycol 10% 63 No Improvement Deep Eutectic Solvents Ethylene Glycol 20% 54 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Ethylene Glycol + Calcium Chloride 10% + 10 mM 70 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Ethylene Glycol + Calcium Chloride 2.5% + 2.5 mM 70 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Ethylene Glycol + Calcium Chloride 5% + 5 mM 72 No Improvement Non-covalent Hb interactions Dextran Sulphate 3.75% 67 No Improvement Non-covalent Hb interactions Dextran Sulphate 7.50% 63 No Improvement Non-covalent Hb interactions Dextran Sulphate 15% 70 No Improvement Osmolytes Betaine 125 mM 72 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 250 mM 76 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 500 mM 78 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Betaine 125 mM + 62.5 mM 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Betaine 250 mM + 125 mM 78 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Betaine 500 mM + 250 mM 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Betaine 250 mM + 62.5 mM 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Betaine 500 mM + 125 mM 76 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Betaine 1M + 250 mM 78 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Glycerol 250 mM + 2.5% 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Glycerol 500 mM + 5% 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Glycerol 1M + 10% 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Glycine 250 mM + 62.5 mM 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Glycine 500 mM + 125 mM 78 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Glycine 1M + 250 mM 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Glycerol 125 mM + 2.5% 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Glycerol 250 mM + 5% 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Glycine 125 mM + 62.5 mM 70 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Glycine 250 mM + 125 mM 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Glycine 500 mM + 250 mM 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 1M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 5 mM 74 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 67 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 25 mM 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 50 mM 68 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 100 mM 51 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 2000 0.075% + 1% 74 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 2000 0.15% + 2% 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 2000 0.3% + 4% 62 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 20000 0.075% + 1% 74 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 20000 0.15% + 2% 72 Calcium cation shows improvementin % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 20000 0.3% + 4% 66 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 8000 0.075% + 1% 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 8000 0.15% + 2% 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + PEG 8000 0.3% + 4% 67 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Acetate 100 mM 58 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Acetate 25 mM 58 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Acetate 50 mM 59 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Chloride 100 mM 58 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Chloride 25 mM 104  No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Chloride 50 mM 58 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Oxalate 10 mM 62 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Oxalate 2.5 mM 60 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Oxalate 5 mM 59 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Sulfate 100 mM 61 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Sulfate 25 mM 60 No Improvement Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Ammonium Ammonium Sulfate 50 mM 58 No Improvement Salt Complexes Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Gluconate 100 mM 57 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Gluconate 25 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Gluconate 50 mM 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 0.5M + 0.5% 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 1M + 1% 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 2M + 2% 61 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 100 mM 58 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 25 mM 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 50 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 0.1 mM 73 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 1 mM 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 2 mM 72 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 4 mM 73 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 6 mM 77 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 8 mM 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 10 mM 79 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (anhydrous) 20 mM 76 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 0.1 mM 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 1 mM 70 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 2 mM 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 4 mM 74 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 6 mM 74 Calcium cation shows improvemen in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 8 mM 72 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 10 mM 77 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 20 mM 73 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Formaldehyde Releaser 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane 0.0002% 69 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane 0.001% 68 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane 0.002% 70 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor 2-methy1-4-isothiazolin-3-one-hydrochloride 0.0002% 71 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor 2-methy1-4-isothiazolin-3-one-hydrochloride 0.001% 68 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor 2-methy1-4-isothiazolin-3-one-hydrochloride 0.002% 63 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Phenol Red 0.01% 70 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Phenol Red 0.03% 71 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Phenol Red 0.05% 70 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.10% 67 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.50% 60 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 1% 54 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Sigma HRP Stabilization Buffer 5% 71 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Sigma HRP Stabilization Buffer 10% 70 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Sigma HRP Stabilization Buffer 25% 68 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 5% Additive 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 5% Component 71 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Gluconate 100 mM 57 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Gluconate 25 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Gluconate 50 mM 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 0.5M + 0.5% 65 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 1M + 1% 65 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 2M + 2% 61 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 100 mM 58 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 25 mM 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 50 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (2) Chloride 36 mM 60 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (2) Chloride 43.2 mM 51 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (2) Chloride 48 mM 27 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Lithium Chloride 100 mM 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Lithium Chloride 150 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Lithium Chloride 260 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 100 mM 62 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 150 mM 61 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 192 mM 57 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Potassium Acetate 100 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Potassium Acetate 150 mM 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Potassium Acetate 260 mM 67 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Potassium Chloride 100 mM 53 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Potassium Chloride 150 mM 63 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Potassium Chloride 260 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Acetate 100 mM 55 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Acetate 150 mM 40 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Acetate 260 mM 45 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 100 mM 46 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 150 mM 43 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 260 mM 42 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Bisulfite 101.055 mM 38 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Bisulfite 75.791 mM 46 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Bisulfite 90.95 mM 41 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Bromide 100 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Bromide 150 mM 64 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Bromide 192 mM 59 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Carbonate 38.207 mM 28 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Carbonate 45.848 mM 24 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Carbonate 50.942 mM 25 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Perchlorate 100 mM 47 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Perchlorate 150 mM 43 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Perchlorate 260 mM 38 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Phosphate 100 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Phosphate 150 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Phosphate 260 mM 66 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 10% 78 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 11% 77 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 12% 78 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 13% 81 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 14% 80 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 15% 81 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 16% 90 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 17% 81 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 18% 87 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 19% 85 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 20% 83 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 21% 86 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 22% 86 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 23% 89 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 24% 86 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 25% 84 Slight Improvement. Needs further assay optimization Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 1% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 34 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 5% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 62 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 10% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 58 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 25% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 62 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 50% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 30 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Plasma Bovine B 1 g/L 68 No Improvement Plasma Bovine B 2 g/L 65 No Improvement Plasma Bovine B 4 g/L 68 No Improvement Gelatins CW Fish Skin 1 g/L 67 No Improvement Gelatins CW Fish Skin 2 g/L 68 No Improvement Gelatins CW Fish Skin 4 g/L 71 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (110 g) 1 g/L 74 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (110 g) 2 g/L 83 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (110 g) 4 g/L 69 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (175 g) 1 g/L 72 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (175 g) 2 g/L 76 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (175 g) 4 g/L 67 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (300 g) 1 g/L 67 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (300 g) 2 g/L 66 No Improvement Gelatins Procine A (300 g) 4 g/L 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 5 mM 76 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 10 mM 74 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 20 mM 77 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 30 mM 74 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 40 mM 74 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Chloride 50 mM 72 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 5 mM 77 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 10 mM 75 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 20 mM 78 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 30 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 40 mM 77 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Gluconate 50 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM 74 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 74 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 20 mM 77 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 30 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 40 mM 78 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 50 mM 76 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.010% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.015% 52 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.020% 55 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.025% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.030% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.035% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.040% 55 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.045% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.050% 52 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.055% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.060% 56 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.065% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.070% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.075% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.080% 55 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.085% 55 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.090% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.095% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde Solution 0.100% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.010% 46 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.015% 39 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.020% 32 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.025% 33 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.030% 29 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.035% 27 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.040% 24 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.045% 21 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.050% 16 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.055% 15 No Improvement Aldehydes Paraformaldehyde Solution 0.060% 14 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.010% 59 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.015% 61 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.020% 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.025% 60 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.030% 56 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.035% 60 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.040% 61 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.045% 60 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.050% 57 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.055% 107  Assay Interference Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.060% 102  Assay Interference Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.065% 82 Assay Interference Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.070% 100  Assay Interference Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.075% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.080% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.085% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.090% 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.095% 51 No Improvement Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde Solution 0.100% 48 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 0.1% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 66 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 0.25% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 65 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 0.5% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 63 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 0.75% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 69 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 1% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 64 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 2% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 64 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 3% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 63 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 4% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 64 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc Chloride 5% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 59 No Improvement 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 0.1% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 70 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 0.25% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 66 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 0.5% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 69 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 0.75% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 62 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 1% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 70 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 2% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 65 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 3% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 66 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 4% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 63 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + DMSO + Zinc 5% (50 g/mL, 100 mL/L, 65 No Improvement Chloride 5.8 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 10 mM 60 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 25 mM 61 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 50 mM 49 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 75 mM 58 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 100 mM 50 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 10 mM 61 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 25 mM 62 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 50 mM 57 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 75 mM 55 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 100 mM 51 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Soduim hyrdoxylmethyl glycinate 10 mM 48 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Soduim hyrdoxylmethyl glycinate 25 mM 43 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Soduim hyrdoxylmethyl glycinate 50 mM 74 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Soduim hyrdoxylmethyl glycinate 75 mM 53 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Soduim hyrdoxylmethyl glycinate 90 mM 36 No Improvement Osmolytes Betaine 0.05M 70 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 0.5M 70 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 1.25M 75 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 2.5M 73 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 3.75M 82 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 5M 80 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 0.043M 70 Slight Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 0.43M 70 Slight Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 1.1M 74 Slight Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 2.15M 72 Slight Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 3.2M 74 Slight Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 4.3M 68 Slight Improvement Osmolytes Betaine 2.5M 72 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 3M 73 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 3.5M 79 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 4M 78 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 4.5M 80 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Betaine 5M 83 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 2.5M 65 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 3M 64 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 3.5M 73 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 4M 69 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 4.3M 58 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Component) 0.005% 63 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Component) 0.010% 59 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Component) 0.050% 69 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Component) 0.100% 62 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Component) 0.200% 57 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Component) 0.005% 63 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Component) 0.010% 67 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Component) 0.050% 65 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Component) 0.100% 63 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Component) 0.200% 49 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Spike) 0.010% 61 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Spike) 0.050% 59 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Spike) 0.080% 59 No Improvement Detergent Brij 35 (Spike) 0.100% 58 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Spike) 0.010% 65 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Spike) 0.050% 61 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Spike) 0.080% 59 No Improvement Detergent Brij 58 (Spike) 0.100% 53 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride 0.001M 62 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride 0.01M 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride 0.05M 16 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Sucrose 0.001M + 2% 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Sucrose 0.01M + 2% 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Sucrose 0.05M + 2% 17 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 0.001M 66 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 0.01M 75 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 0.05M 78 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Sucrose 0.001M + 2% 72 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Sucrose 0.01M + 2% 81 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Sucrose 0.05M + 2% 80 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride 1 mM 64 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride 10 mM 63 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride 25 mM 42 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Sucrose 1 mM + 2% 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Sucrose 10 mM + 2% 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Sucrose 25 mM + 2% 47 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride 1 mM 60 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride 5 mM 61 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride 10 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Sucrose 1 mM + 2% 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Sucrose 5 mM + 2% 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Sucrose 10 mM + 2% 59 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride 1 mM 59 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride 10 mM 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride 25 mM 32 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride + Sucrose 1 mM + 2% 63 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride + Sucrose 10 mM + 2% 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride + Sucrose 25 mM + 2% 33 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Zinc Chloride 1 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Zinc Chloride 10 mM 61 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Zinc Chloride 25 mM 33 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Zinc Chloride + Sucrose 1 mM + 2% 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Zinc Chloride + Sucrose 10 mM + 2% 75 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Zinc Chloride + Sucrose 25 mM + 2% 36 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 5 mM 66 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 65 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 20 mM 69 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 30 mM 59 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 40 mM 62 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 50 mM 52 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate 5 mM 62 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate 10 mM 61 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate 20 mM 70 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate 30 mM 66 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate 40 mM 62 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate 50 mM 62 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Cobalt Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 68 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Cobalt Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 60 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Cobalt Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 58 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Copper Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 66 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Copper Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 50 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Copper Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 59 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 76 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 5 mM + 2.5 mM 63 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 2.5 mM + 5 mM 63 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 5 mM 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM + 5 mM 67 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 10 mM 61 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 69 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Nickel Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 64 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 73 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 68 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Zinc Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 66 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 63 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Copper Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 59 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Copper Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 47 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Copper Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 40 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 5 mM + 2.5 mM 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 2.5 mM + 5 mM 65 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 5 mM 74 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM + 5 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 10 mM 70 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 75 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Nickel Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 49 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 43 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 71 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Zinc Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 35 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 34 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 67 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 5 mM + 2.5 mM 61 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Iron (3) Chloride 2.5 mM + 5 mM 70 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 5 mM 70 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM + 5 mM 63 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 10 mM 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Nickel Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 42 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 44 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Zinc Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 38 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Copper Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 55 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Magnsium Sulfate 5 mM + 5 mM 71 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Magnsium Sulfate 5 mM + 2.5 mM 68 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Magnsium Sulfate 2.5 mM + 5 mM 63 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 63 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 2.5 mM 58 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Nickel Chloride 2.5 mM + 5 mM 71 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 61 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 2.5 mM 56 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Iron (3) Chloride + Zinc Chloride 2.5 mM + 5 mM 66 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Nickel Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 68 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Nickel Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 70 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 74 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Zinc Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 74 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 5 mM 74 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride + Zinc Chloride 10 mM + 5 mM 47 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Nickel Chloride + Zinc Chloride 5 mM + 10 mM 35 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 5% 82 Improvement in % Hb (spike) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 10% 77 Improvement in % Hb (spike) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 25% 76 Improvement in % Hb (spike) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 5% 72 Slight Improvement. Needs (spike) further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 10% 78 Slight Improvement. Needs (spike) further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 25% 85 Slight Improvement. Needs (spike) further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol (spike) 5% 65 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol (spike) 10% 62 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol (spike) 25% 57 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components IC Tech (spike) 5% 64 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components IC Tech (spike) 10% 68 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components IC Tech (spike) 25% 65 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) (spike) 5% 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) (spike) 10% 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) (spike) 25% 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 1% 69 Improvement in % Hb (component) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 2.50% 67 Improvement in % Hb (component) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 5% 70 Improvement in % Hb (component) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) (comp) 1% 67 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 5Z02) (comp) 2.50% 69 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) (comp) 5% 69 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol (comp) 1% 65 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol (comp) 2.50% 65 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol (comp) 5% 64 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components ID Stabilization Buffer (comp) 1% 67 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components ID Stabilization Buffer (comp) 2.50% 66 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components ID Stabilization Buffer (comp) 5% 65 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 10% 74 Slight Improvement. Needs (comp) further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 25% 83 Slight Improvement. Needs (comp) further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components BioRad AbGuard HRP Stabilization Buffer 40% 90 Slight Improvement. Needs (comp) further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components IC Tech (comp) 1% 67 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components IC Tech (comp) 5% 67 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components IC Tech (comp) 10% 67 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate + PEG 8000 0.1% + 3% 64 No improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate + PEG 8000 0.2% + 3% 63 No improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate + PEG 8000 0.3% + 3% 66 No improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate + Calcium Chloride + 0.1% + 3% 65 No improvement PEG 8000 Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate + Calcium Chloride + 0.2% + 3% 68 No improvement PEG 8000 Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Propionate + Calcium Chloride + 0.3% + 3% 62 No improvement PEG 8000 HRP Stabilizer Components 4-Bromophenol 0.001% 59 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components 4-Bromophenol 0.005% 59 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components 4-Bromophenol 0.01% 48 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components 4-Bromophenol 0.05% 54 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid 0.01% 61 No Improvement (ANSA) HRP Stabilizer Components 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid 0.05% 68 No Improvement (ANSA) HRP Stabilizer Components 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid 0.10% 59 No Improvement (ANSA) HRP Stabilizer Components 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid 0.50% 42 No Improvement (ANSA) HRP Stabilizer Components Proclin 300 0.00005% 61 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Proclin 300 0.0001% 61 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Proclin 300 0.0002% 55 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride 0.1 mM 67 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride 1 mM 71 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride 10 mM 63 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Sucrose 0.1 mM + 2% 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Sucrose 1 mM + 2% 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Cobalt Chloride + Sucrose 10 mM + 2% 74 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 0.1 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 1 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 56 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Sucrose 0.1 mM + 2% 79 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Sucrose 1 mM + 2% 68 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate + Sucrose 10 mM + 2% 71 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM HRP Stabilizer Components Candor HRP Protector (spike) 25% 65 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Candor HRP Protector (spike) 10% 61 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Candor HRP Protector (spike) 5% 62 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Innova LifeXtend Stabilizer (spike) 25% 62 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Innova LifeXtend Stabilizer (spike) 10% 68 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Innova LifeXtend Stabilizer (spike) 5% 63 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 10 mM 56 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 25 mM 48 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 50 mM 43 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 10 mM 46 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 25 mM 28 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 50 mM 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 10 mM 47 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 25 mM 34 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 50 mM 30 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 10 mM 25 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 25 mM 32 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 50 mM 21 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 10 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 25 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 50 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 10 mM 58 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 25 mM 37 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 50 mM 38 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 10 mM 61 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 25 mM 33 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 50 mM 16 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 10 mM 37 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 25 mM 11 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 50 mM 2 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 10 mM 57 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 25 mM 44 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 50 mM 48 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 10 mM 51 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 25 mM 35 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 50 mM 71 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 10 mM 40 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 25 mM 32 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 50 mM 34 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 0.01 mM 55 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 0.1 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 1 mM 66 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 10 mM 56 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 25 mM 48 No Improvement Aldehydes Acetaldehyde 50 mM 43 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 0.01 mM 55 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 0.1 mM 50 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 1 mM 19 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 10 mM 46 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 25 mM 28 No Improvement Aldehydes Benzaldehyde 50 mM 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 0.01 mM 60 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 0.1 mM 57 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 1 mM 29 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 10 mM 47 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 25 mM 34 No Improvement Aldehydes Butyraldehyde 50 mM 30 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 0.01 mM 49 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 0.1 mM 53 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 1 mM 25 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 10 mM 25 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 25 mM 32 No Improvement Aldehydes Cinnamaldehyde 50 mM 21 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 0.01 mM 66 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 0.1 mM 60 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 1 mM 30 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 10 mM 61 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 25 mM 33 No Improvement Aldehydes D-( + )-Glyceraldehyde 50 mM 16 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 0.01 mM 61 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 0.1 mM 68 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 1 mM 50 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 10 mM 37 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 25 mM 11 No Improvement Aldehydes Glycolaldehyde Dimer 50 mM 2 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 0.01 mM 58 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 0.1 mM 67 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 1 mM 69 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 10 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 25 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Formamide 50 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 0.01 mM 63 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 0.1 mM 65 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 1 mM 34 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 10 mM 58 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 25 mM 37 No Improvement Aldehydes Furfural 50 mM 38 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 0.01 mM 69 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 0.1 mM 61 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-sobutylbenzaldehyde 1 mM 31 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 10 mM 57 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 25 mM 44 No Improvement Aldehydes 4-Isobutylbenzaldehyde 50 mM 48 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 0.01 mM 65 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 0.1 mM 62 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 1 mM 35 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 10 mM 51 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 25 mM 35 No Improvement Aldehydes p-Tolualdehyde 50 mM 71 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 0.01 mM 66 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 0.1 mM 58 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 1 mM 32 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 10 mM 40 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 25 mM 32 No Improvement Aldehydes Vanillin 50 mM 34 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 5% 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 10% 80 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 25% 77 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 5 mM 47 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 10 mM 27 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 25 mM 37 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol 5 mM 34 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol 10 mM 31 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol 25 mM 24 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 5 mM 63 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 10 mM 35 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 25 mM 26 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 5 mM 54 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 10 mM 43 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 25 mM 30 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 5 mM 58 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 10 mM 44 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 25 mM 34 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 5 mM 55 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 10 mM 37 No Improvement Preservatives/Parabens Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 25 mM 28 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 1% 69 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 5% 79 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 10% 76 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 20% 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 25% 76 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 30% 70 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 40% 71 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Aluminum Chloride 2.5 mM 69 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Aluminum Chloride 5 mM 70 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Aluminum Chloride 10 mM 29 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Quaternium 15 5 mM 52 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Quaternium 15 10 mM 47 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Quaternium 15 20 mM 50 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Nitrate 5 mM 70 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Nitrate 10 mM 65 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Nitrate 20 mM 56 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Nitrite 5 mM 64 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Nitrite 10 mM 65 No Improvement Preservatives Sodium Nitrite 20 mM 62 No Improvement Substrates Styrene Glycol 5 mM 56 No Improvement Substrates Styrene Glycol 10 mM 58 No Improvement Substrates Styrene Glycol 20 mM 48 No Improvement Substrates Styrene Oxide 5 mM 57 No Improvement Substrates Styrene Oxide 10 mM 42 No Improvement Substrates Styrene Oxide 20 mM 31 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor aurintircarboxylic acid ammonium salt 0.1 mM 52 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor aurintircarboxylic acid ammonium salt 1 mM 63 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor aurintircarboxylic acid ammonium salt 10 mM 35 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Citrate 0.1 mM 61 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Citrate 1 mM 60 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Sodium Citrate 10 mM 55 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B2 0.002 mM 58 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B2 0.02 mM 48 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B2 0.2 mM 45 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B3 0.1 mM 53 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B3 1 mM 58 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B3 10 mM 42 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B4 0.1 mM 54 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B4 1 mM 57 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B4 10 mM 27 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B9 0.1 mM 58 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B9 1 mM 43 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B9 10 mM 37 No Improvement Vitamins NAD + 0.05 mM 59 No Improvement Vitamins NAD + 0.5 mM 54 No Improvement Vitamins NAD + 5 mM 57 No Improvement Vitamins NADH 0.1 mM 63 No Improvement Vitamins NADH 1 mM 66 No Improvement Vitamins NADH 10 mM 65 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B12 0.01 mM 53 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B12 0.1 mM 62 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B12 1 mM 59 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B6 0.1 mM 55 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B6 1 mM 53 No Improvement Vitamins Vitamin B6 10 mM 58 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 10% 77 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 74 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 20% 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 25% 74 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Formaldehyde Releaser BSA, Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, 10% 67 No Improvement Proclin 300 (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser BSA, Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, 15% 62 No Improvement Proclin 300 (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser BSA, Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, 20% 66 No Improvement Proclin 300 (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser BSA, Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, 25% 61 No Improvement Proclin 300 (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 0.002%, 0.002%, 0.0002% 64 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 0.003%, 0.003%, 0.0003% 57 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 0.004%, 0.004%, 0.0004% 52 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 0.005%, 0.005%, 0.0005% 45 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone 0.002%, 0.002% 64 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone 0.003%, 0.003% 58 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone 0.004%, 0.004% 56 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone 0.005%, 0.005% 53 No Improvement (10 mM MOPS) HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 10% 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 20% 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 25% 63 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 0.002% 67 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 0.003% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 0.004% 69 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 0.005% 65 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.002% 54 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.003% 58 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.004% 56 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.005% 47 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Proclin 300 0.0002% 68 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Proclin 300 0.0003% 68 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Proclin 300 0.0004% 69 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Proclin 300 0.0005% 63 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 10% 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 74 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 20% 70 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Formaldehyde Releaser BSA, Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, 10% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 47 No Improvement Proclin 300 (10 mM MOPS) 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser BSA, Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, 15% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 43 No Improvement Proclin 300 (10 mM MOPS) 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser BSA, Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, 20% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 39 No Improvement Proclin 300 (10 mM MOPS) 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 10% (0.02%, 0.02%, 52 No Improvement (10mM MOPS) 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 15% (0.02%, 0.02%, 42 No Improvement (10mM MOPS) 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 20% (0.02%, 0.02%, 37 No Improvement (10mM MOPS) 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 10% (0.02%, 0.02%, 56 No Improvement 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 15% (0.02%, 0.02%, 41 No Improvement 0.002%) Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox, Methylisothiazolone, Prolin 300 20% (0.02%, 0.02%, 45 No Improvement 0.002%) Plasma BSA (10 mM MOPS) 1% 76 No Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 15% 76 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 15% + 10 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 15% + 10 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 15% + 4% 76 Improvement in % Hb RD Hb Collection Buffer Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% + 10 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRPConjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% + 10 mM 92 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + RD 15% + 4% 77 Improvement in % Hb Hb Collection Buffer Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 77 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 92 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 95 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 4% 77 Improvement in % Hb RD Hb Collection Buffer Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components DEAE Dextran, Ethylene Glycol, Calcium 0.5%, 10%, 10 mM 63 No Improvement Chloride HRP Stabilizer Components L.s. Dextran, Ethylene Glycol, Calcium 0.5%, 10%, 10 mM 52 No Improvement Chloride Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.5M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 1M 91 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 2M 129  Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.125M 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.25M 74 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.5M 87 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Glucose 0.25M + 0.25M 78 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Glucose 0.5M + 0.5M 93 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Glucose 1M + 1M 100  Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Trehalose 0.25M + 0.125M 74 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Trehalose 0.5M + 0.25M 75 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Trehalose 1M + 0.5M 141  Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Raffinose 0.25M + 0.0625M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Raffinose 0.5M + 0.125M 85 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Raffinose 1M + 0.25M 104  Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Trehalose 0.0625M + 0.125M 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Trehalose 0.125M + 0.25M 88 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Trehalose 0.25M + 0.5M 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Glucose 0.0625M + 0.25M 70 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Glucose 0.125M + 0.5M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Glucose 0.25M + 1M 90 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Enzyme Inhibitor aurintircarboxylic acid ammonium salt 5% 66 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor aurintircarboxylic acid ammonium salt 10% 61 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor aurintircarboxylic acid ammonium salt 25% 59 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.05M 69 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.1M 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.15M 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.2M 80 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.25M 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.3M 76 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.35M 80 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.4M 89 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.45M 69 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.5M 91 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.03M 67 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.06M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.09M 68 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.12M 74 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.15M 75 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.18M 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.21M 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.24M 82 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.27M 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.3M 85 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 0.2M 76 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Betaine 0.2M + 0.125M 83 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Betaine 0.2M + 0.25M 80 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Betaine 0.2M + 0.5M 85 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Calcium Chloride 0.2M + 1 mM 88 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Calcium Chloride 0.2M + 5 mM 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Calcium Chloride 0.2M + 10 mM 90 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Ectoine 0.2M + 75 mM 88 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Ectoine 0.2M + 150 mM 81 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Ectoine 0.2M + 300 mM 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.2M + 1 mM 90 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.2M + 5 mM 91 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.2M + 10 mM 87 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + TMANO 0.2M + 0.125 M 81 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + TMANO 0.2M + 0.25 M 98 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose + TMANO 0.2M + 0.5M 84 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.24M 61 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Betaine 0.24M + 0.125M 87 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Betaine 0.24M + 0.245M 84 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Betaine 0.24M + 0.5M 84 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Calcium Chloride 0.24M + 1 mM 83 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Calcium Chloride 0.24M + 5 mM 87 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Calcium Chloride 0.24M + 10 mM 94 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Ectoine 0.24M + 75 mM 84 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Ectoine 0.24M + 150 mM 85 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Ectoine 0.24M + 300 mM 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.24M + 1 mM 74 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.24M + 5 mM 89 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.24M + 10 mM 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + TMANO 0.24M + 0.125M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + TMANO 0.24M + 0.245M 87 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose + TMANO 0.24M + 0.5M 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization HRP Stabilizer Components Phenol Red 0.01% 70 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Phenol Red 0.03% 71 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Phenol Red 0.05% 70 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Sodium Benzoate 0.10% 67 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Sodium Benzoate 0.50% 60 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Sodium Benzoate 1% 54 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol 5% 71 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol 10% 70 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components Fisher HRP Sol 25% 68 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) (comp) 5% 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) (spike) 5% 71 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 0.0002% 69 No improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 0.0010% 68 No improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronidox 0.0020% 70 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.0002% 71 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.0010% 68 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.0020% 63 No improvement Flavoniods 7,8 dihydroxyflavone 0.25 mM 51 No improvement Flavoniods 7,8 dihydroxyflavone 0.5 mM 39 No improvement Flavoniods 7,8 dihydroxyflavone 1 mM 38 No improvement Flavoniods Quercetin 150 uM 45 No improvement Flavoniods Quercetin 300 uM 38 No improvement Flavoniods Quercetin 600 uM 35 No improvement Flavoniods Diadzein 25 uM 68 No improvement Flavoniods Diadzein 50 uM 78 No improvement Flavoniods Diadzein 100 uM 68 No improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 0.5 mM 65 No improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 1 mM 67 No improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 5 mM 57 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.00005% 68 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.0001% 68 No improvement Enzyme Inhibitor Methylisothiazolone 0.0002% 67 No improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.03% 69 No improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.05% 73 No improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.10% 65 No improvement Flavoniods Diadzein 40 mM 66 No improvement Flavoniods Diadzein 50 mM 65 No improvement Flavoniods Diadzein 60 mM 66 No improvement Substrates Resveratrol 5 mM 48 No improvement Substrates Resveratrol 10 mM 40 No improvement Substrates Resveratrol 20 mM 38 No improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.04% 67 No improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.05% 68 No improvement Preservatives Sodium Benzoate 0.06% 67 No improvement Vitamins Tocopherol 0.10% 71 No improvement Vitamins Tocopherol 1% 73 No improvement Vitamins Tocopherol 10% 65 No improvement Vitamins Vitamin B6 0.5 mM 68 No improvement Vitamins Vitamin B6 1 mM 67 No improvement Vitamins Vitamin B6 2 mM 66 No improvement Vitamins Vitamine B6 in HCl 0.5 mM 68 No improvement Vitamins Vitamine B6 in HCl 1 mM 41 No improvement Vitamins Vitamine B6 in HCl 2 mM 40 No improvement Plasma Fetal Bovine Serum 1% 58 No improvement Plasma Fetal Bovine Serum 10% 63 No improvement Plasma Fetal Bovine Serum 50% 68 No improvement Plasma Gamma Globulins 10 mg/mL 85 No improvement Plasma Gamma Globulins 25 mg/mL 89 No improvement Plasma Gamma Globulins 50 mg/mL 88 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 0.2M 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 0.4M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 0.6M 76 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 0.8M 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 1.0M 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 1.2M 78 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 1.4M 80 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 1.6M 76 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 1.8M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 2M 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.1M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.2M 74 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.3M 78 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.4M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.5M 82 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.6M 82 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.7M 83 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.8M 82 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.9M 85 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 1M 86 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Osmolytes Betaine 1M 77 Betaine shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at high concentrations Osmolytes Ectoine 0.3M 65 No improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 78 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMANO) 1M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 0.6M 74 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Betaine 0.6M + 0.125M 74 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Betaine 0.6M + 0.25M 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Betaine 0.6M + 0.5M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 0.6M + 1 mM 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 0.6M + 5 mM 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Calcium Chloride 0.6M + 10 mM 84 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Ectoine 0.6M + 0.075M 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Ectoine 0.6M + 0.15M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Ectoine 0.6M + 0.3M 71 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.6M + 1 mM 75 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.6M + 5 mM 75 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.6M + 10 mM 78 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + TMANO 0.6M + 0.125M 69 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + TMANO 0.6M + 0.25M 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Glucose + TMANO 0.6M + 0.5M 68 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.3M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Betaine 0.3M + 0.125M 73 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Betaine 0.3M + 0.25M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Betaine 0.3M + 0.5M 81 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Calcium Chloride 0.3M + 1 mM 69 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Calcium Chloride 0.3M + 5 mM 68 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Calcium Chloride 0.3M + 10 mM 83 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Ectoine 0.3M + 0.075M 77 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Ectoine 0.3M + 0.15M 72 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Ectoine 0.3M + 0.3M 76 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.3M + 1 mM 68 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.3M + 5 mM 80 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + Magnesium Sulfate 0.3M + 10 mM 76 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + TMANO 0.3M + 0.125M 70 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + TMANO 0.3M + 0.25M 79 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose + TMANO 0.3M + 0.5M 75 Slight Improvement with Sugars. Needs further assay optimization Sugars/Saccharides Erlose 1 mM 72 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Erlose 5 mM 69 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Erlose 10 mM 76 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Fructose 0.05M 67 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Fructose 0.1M 69 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Fructose 0.25M 65 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galactose 0.1M 71 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galactose 0.25M 68 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galactose 0.5M 76 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Kestose 1 mM 71 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Kestose 5 mM 68 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Kestose 10 mM 76 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Lactose 0.025M 66 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Lactose 0.05M 71 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Lactose 0.1M 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Maltose 0.1M 72 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Maltose 0.25M 69 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Maltose 0.5M 76 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Melezitose 10 mM 66 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Melezitose 50 mM 71 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Melezitose 100 mM 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Stachyose 1 mM 67 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Stachyose 5 mM 69 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Stachyose 7 mM 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 1% (500 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 63 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 1% (325 g/L, 500 g/L, 62 No Improvement EDTA, Glycine 90 g/L, 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 5% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 50 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 5% (500 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 56 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 5% (325 g/L, 500 g/L, 48 No Improvement EDTA, Glycine 90 g/L, 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 43 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 10% (500 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 45 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 10% (325 g/L, 500 g/L, 35 No Improvement EDTA, Glycine 90 g/L, 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 1% (1.25%, 2.05%, 0.16%) 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 1% (2.10%, 2.05%, 0.16%) 71 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 1% (1.25%, 2.10%, 2.05%, 67 No Improvement EDTA, Glycine 0.16%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 10% (1.25%, 2.05%, 0.16%) 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 10% (2.10%, 2.05%, 0.16%) 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 10% (1.25%, 2.10%, 2.05%, 64 No Improvement EDTA, Glycine 0.16%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 20% (1.25%, 2.05%, 0.16%) 58 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 20% (2.10%, 2.05%, 0.16%) 63 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 20% (1.25%, 2.10%, 2.05%, 60 NoImprovement EDTA, Glycine 0.16%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 400 g/L  6 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 200 g/L 20 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 100 g/L 39 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 50 g/L 55 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 25 g/L 58 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 12.5 g/L 62 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 400 g/L 14 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 200 g/L 32 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 100 g/L 45 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 50 g/L 55 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 25 g/L 57 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 12.5 g/L 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 40 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 67 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 10% (500 g/L, 90 g/L, 40 g/L) 51 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine 1% (500 g/L, 90g/L, 40 g/L) 67 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 10% (325 g/L, 500 g/L, 42 No Improvement EDTA, Glycine 90 g/L, 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, Imidazolidinyl Urea, 1% (325 g/L, 500 g/L, 64 No Improvement EDTA, Glycine 90 g/L, 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, pH 6.5 (RT) 0.1% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 6.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 67 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Urea, pH 6.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Ammonium 0.1% + 0.1% 67 No Improvement Chloride, pH 6.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, pH 7.0 (RT) 0.1% 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.0 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Urea, pH 7.0 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Ammonium 0.1% + 0.1% 67 No Improvement Chloride, pH 7.0 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea, pH 7.5 (RT) 0.1% 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Urea, pH 7.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 62 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea + Ammonium 0.1% + 0.1% 67 No Improvement Chloride, pH 7.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, pH 6.5 (RT) 0.1% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 6.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Urea, pH 6.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 62 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Ammonium Chloride, 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement pH 6.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, pH 7.0 (RT) 0.1% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.0 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Urea, pH 7.0 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Ammonium Chloride, 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement pH 7.0 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, pH 7.5 (RT) 0.1% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Urea, pH 7.5 (RT) 0.1% + 0.1% 63 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Ammonium Chloride, 0.1% + 0.1% 66 No Improvement pH 7.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% 59 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea, pH 6.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 59 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Glycine, pH 6.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 58 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Urea, pH 6.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 59 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Ammonium Chloride, pH 6.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% 56 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea, pH 7.0 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 59 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Glycine, pH 7.0 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 57 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Urea, pH 7.0 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 59 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Ammonium Chloride, pH 7.0 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-ChloroallyI)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% 58 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea, pH 7.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 57 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 55 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Urea, pH 7.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser 1-(cis-3-Chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1- 0.1% + 0.1% 58 No Improvement azoniaadamantane chloride Urea + Ammonium Chloride, pH 7.5 (RT) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 (50 C.) 0.1% + 0.1% 62 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 0.1% + 0.1% + 0.2% 42 No Improvement (50 C.) + methylisothiazolone Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 0.1% + 0.1% + 0.1% 43 No Improvement (50 C.) + methylisothiazolone Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 0.1% + 0.1% + 0.05% 41 No Improvement (50 C.) + methylisothiazolone Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 (50 C.) 0.3% + 0.3% 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 0.3% + 0.3% + 0.6% 42 No Improvement (50 C.) + methylisothiazolone Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 0.3% + 0.3% + 0.3% 33 No Improvement (50 C.) + methylisothiazolone Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine, pH 7.5 0.3% + 0.3% + 0.15% 35 No Improvement (50 C.) + methylisothiazolone Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 6.5 0.002% + 0.002% 72 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 7.5 0.002% + 0.002% 68 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 8.5 0.020% + 0.002% 70 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 6.5 0.001% + 0.002% 71 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 7.5 0.001% + 0.002% 67 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 8.5 0.001% + 0.002% 68 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 6.5 0.004% + 0.002% 71 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 7.5 0.004% + 0.002% 71 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + ATA, pH 8.5 0.004% + 0.002% 72 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 6.5 0.002% + 0.002% 63 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 7.5 0.002% + 0.002% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 8.5 0.002% + 0.002% 59 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 6.5 0.001% + 0.002% 62 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 7.5 0.001% + 0.002% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 8.5 0.001% + 0.002% 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 6.5 0.004% + 0.002% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 7.5 0.004% + 0.002% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol + Methylisothiazolone, pH 8.5 0.004% + 0.002% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 6.5 0.002% + 0.002% 71 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 7.5 0.002% + 0.002% 66 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 8.5 0.002% + 0.002% 69 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 6.5 0.001% + 0.002% 69 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 7.5 0.001% + 0.002% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 8.5 0.001% + 0.002% 73 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 6.5 0.004% + 0.002% 69 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 7.5 0.004% + 0.002% 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + ATA, pH 8.5 0.004% + 0.002% 70 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.002% + 0.002% 58 No Improvement pH 6.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.002% + 0.002% 58 No Improvement pH 7.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.002% + 0.002% 60 No Improvement pH 8.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.001% + 0.002% 62 No Improvement pH 6.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.001% + 0.002% 62 No Improvement pH 7.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.001% + 0.002% 58 No Improvement pH 8.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.004% + 0.002% 60 No Improvement pH 6.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.004% + 0.002% 62 No Improvement pH 7.5 Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + Methylisothiazolone, 0.004% + 0.002% 59 No Improvement pH 8.5 Aldehydes Formaldehyde 0.10% 58 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde 0.50% 54 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde 1% 25 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde 2%  5 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde 3%  4 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde 4%  4 No Improvement Aldehydes Formaldehyde 5%  6 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 93 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 99 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 10% 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 20% 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 10% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 53 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 in 10 mM 0.002%) MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 15% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 51 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 in 10 mM 0.002%) MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 20% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 54 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 in 10 mM 0.002%) MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 10% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 59 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 in 10 mM 0.002%) MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 15% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 61 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 in 10 mM 0.002%) MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 20% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 49 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 in 10 mM 0.002%) MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 10% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 54 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 Calcium 0.002%, 10 mM) Chloride in 10 mM MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 15% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 55 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 Calcium 0.002%, 10 mM) Chloride in 10 mM MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 20% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 56 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300 Calcium 0.002%, 10 mM) Chloride in 10 mM MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 10% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 56 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300, Magnesium 0.002%, 10 mM) Sulfate in 10 mM MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 15% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 54 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300, Magnesium 0.002%, 10 mM) Sulfate in 10 mM MOPS, pH 6.3 HRP Stabilizer Components Fetal Bovine Serum, Bronidox, Methyl 20% (1%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 53 No Improvement isothiazolone, Proclin 300, Magnesium 0.002%, 10 mM) Sulfate in 10 mM MOPS, pH 6.3 Substrates diphosphoglycerate 1 mM 68 No Improvement Metal Chelators Phytic Acid 1% 33 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 63 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycinein 10 mM 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 37 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 + Diphosphoglycerate 40 g/L, 1 mM) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 38 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 + Phytic Acid 40 g/L, 1%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 34 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycinein 10 mM 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 58 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 + Diphosphoglycerate 40 g/L, 1 mM) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 1% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 57 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 + Phytic Acid 40 g/L, 1%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 65 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycinein 10 mM 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 39 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 + Diphosphoglycerate 40 g/L, 1 mM) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 39 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 + Phytic Acid 40 g/L, 1%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 51 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycinein 10 mM 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 70 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 + Diphosphoglycerate 40 g/L, 1 mM) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 10% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 76 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 + Phytic Acid 40 g/L, 1%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 20% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 57 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycinein 10 mM 20% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 52 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 + Diphosphoglycerate 40 g/L, 1 mM) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 20% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 49 No Improvement MOPS, pH 7.5 + Phytic Acid 40 g/L, 1%) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 20% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 24 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 40 g/L) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycinein 10 mM 20% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 46 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 + Diphosphoglycerate 40 g/L, 1 mM) Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea, EDTA, Glycine in 10 mM 20% (325 g/L, 90 g/L, 44 No Improvement MOPS, pH 8.5 + Phytic Acid 40 g/L, 1%) HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% (diluted 4% with 82 Improvement in % Hb (diluted with water) water) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 93 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 75 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% (diluted 4% with 91 Improvement in % Hb (diluted with water) water) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride (comp) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 102  Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride (spike) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 92 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate (comp) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 97 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate (spike) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 65 Improvement in % Hb Cobalt Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 77 Improvement in % Hb Copper Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 75 Improvement in % Hb Iron (III) Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Nickel Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 91 Improvement in % Hb Zinc Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% (diluted 4% with 82 Improvement in % Hb (diluted with water) water) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 100  Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 96 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Aluminum Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 118  Improvement in % Hb Lithium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 79 Improvement in % Hb Sodium Chloride Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 0.1 mM 73 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 1 mM 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 2 mM 72 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 4 mM 73 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 6 mM 77 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 8 mM 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 10 mM 79 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride anhydrous 20 mM 76 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 0.1 mM 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 1 mM 70 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 2 mM 71 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 4 mM 74 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 6 mM 74 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 8 mM 72 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 10 mM 77 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride dihydrate 20 mM 73 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Plasma Human Plasma 1% 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 1% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 5% 97 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 5% 94 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 10% 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 10% 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 25% 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 25% 97 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 50% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 50% 97 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.005% 81 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.005% 103  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.005% 77 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.005% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.01% 81 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.01% 106  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.01% 80 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.01% 101  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.05% 101  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.05% 100  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.05% 95 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.05% 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.01% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.01% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma 0.01% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Plasma (no sample) 0.01% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin 0.0025 mg/mL 71 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin (no sample) 0.0025 mg/mL 105  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin 0.025 mg/mL 90 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin (no sample) 0.025 mg/mL 95 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin 0.25 mg/mL 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin (no sample) 0.25 mg/mL 95 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin 2.5 mg/mL 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin (no sample) 2.5 mg/mL 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin 25 mg/mL 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Human Albumin (no sample) 25 mg/mL 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Glycine 0.0002 mg/mL 68 No improvement Plasma Glycine (no sample) 0.0002 mg/mL 88 No improvement Plasma Glycine 0.002 mg/mL 68 No improvement Plasma Glycine (no sample) 0.002 mg/mL 218  No improvement Plasma Glycine 0.02 mg/mL 71 No improvement Plasma Glycine (no sample) 0.02 mg/mL 132  No improvement Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III 0.005 mg/mL 70 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III (no sample) 0.005 mg/mL 106  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III 0.05 mg/mL 80 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III (no sample) 0.05 mg/mL 107  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III 0.5 mg/mL 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III (no sample) 0.5 mg/mL 103  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III 5 mg/mL 100  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III (no sample) 5 mg/mL 97 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III 50 mg/mL 97 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction II/III (no sample) 50 mg/mL 109  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV 0.005 mg/mL 106  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV (no sample) 0.005 mg/mL 93 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV 0.05 mg/mL 100  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV (no sample) 0.05 mg/mL 88 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV 0.5 mg/mL 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV (no sample) 0.5 mg/mL 94 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV 5 mg/mL 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV (no sample) 5 mg/mL 97 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV 50 mg/mL 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Crohn's Fraction IV (no sample) 50 mg/mL 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma HDL 0.0025 mg/mL 69 No improvement Plasma HDL (no sample) 0.0025 mg/mL 128  No improvement Plasma HDL 0.025 mg/mL 69 No improvement Plasma HDL (no sample) 0.025 mg/mL 117  No improvement Plasma HDL 0.25 mg/mL 70 No improvement Plasma HDL (no sample) 0.25 mg/mL 106  No improvement Plasma LDL 0.0025 mg/mL 69 No improvement Plasma LDL (no sample) 0.0025 mg/mL 109  No improvement Plasma LDL 0.025 mg/mL 70 No improvement Plasma LDL (no sample) 0.025 mg/mL 93 No improvement Plasma LDL 0.25 mg/mL 67 No improvement Plasma LDL (no sample) 0.25 mg/mL 180  No improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine 0.01 mg/mL 67 No improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine (no sample) 0.01 mg/mL 80 No improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine 0.1 mg/mL 68 No improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine (no sample) 0.1 mg/mL 91 No improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine 1 mg/mL 62 No improvement Plasma phosphatidylcholine (no sample) 1 mg/mL 118  No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum 0.001% 71 No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum (no sample) 0.001% 94 No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum 0.01% 72 No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum (no sample) 0.01% 62 No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum 0.10% 61 No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum (no sample) 0.10% 71 No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum 1% 38 No improvement Plasma Bovine Serum (no sample) 1% 126  No improvement Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma 0.001% 71 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma (no sample) 0.001% 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma 0.01% 79 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma (no sample) 0.01% 104  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma 0.10% 93 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma (no sample) 0.10% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma 1% 95 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Lyopholized Human Plasma (no sample) 1% 100  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) 0.001% 69 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) (no sample) 0.001% 118  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) 0.01% 80 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) (no sample) 0.01% 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) 0.10% 95 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) (no sample) 0.10% 101  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) 1% 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22137) (no sample) 1% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) 0.001% 78 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) (no sample) 0.001% 81 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) 0.01% 88 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) (no sample) 0.01% 119  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) 0.10% 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) (no sample) 0.10% 100  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) 1% 94 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma Pooled Human Plasma (22355) (no sample) 1% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) 0.001% 72 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) (no sample) 0.001% 114  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) 0.01% 91 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) (no sample) 0.01% 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) 0.10% 94 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) (no sample) 0.10% 104  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) 1% 101  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94459A) (no sample) 1% 106  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) 0.001% 71 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) (no sample) 0.001% 138  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) 0.01% 87 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) (no sample) 0.01% 137 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) 0.10% 98 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) (no sample) 0.10% 102  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) 1% 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A) (no sample) 1% 104  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 0.001% 73 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 0.001% 101  No improvement. High (no sample) Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 0.01% 84 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 0.01% 89 No improvement. High (no sample) Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 0.10% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 0.10% 95 No improvement. High (no sample) Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 1% 101  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94460A), spun 2x 1% 105  No improvement. High (no sample) Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) 0.001% 77 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) (no sample) 0.001% 91 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) 0.01% 91 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) (no sample) 0.01% 114  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) 0.10% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) (no sample) 0.10% 101  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) 1% 99 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 94464A) (no sample) 1% 103  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) 0.001% 71 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) (no sample) 0.001% 106  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) 0.01% 75 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) (no sample) 0.01% 96 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) 0.10% 103  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) (no sample) 0.10% 103  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) 1% 100  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95813A) (no sample) 1% 105  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) 0.001% 72 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) (no sample) 0.001% 109  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) 0.01% 77 No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) (no sample) 0.01% 136  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) 0.10% 103  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) (no sample) 0.10% 107  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) 1% 101  No improvement. High Background Signals Plasma SD Human Plasma (23 95819A) (no sample) 1% 108  No improvement. High Background Signals Non-covalent Hb interactions MOPS + BSA 15% (10 mM + 1%) 76 No improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 75 Calcium cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery at 10 mM Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 73 Magnesium Cation shows improvement in % Hb Recovery around 10 mM HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 15% 76 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 15% + 10 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 15% + 10 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 15% + 4% 76 Improvement in % Hb (diluted with water) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% + 10 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% + 10 mM 92 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% + 4% 77 Improvement in % Hb (diluted with water) Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 77 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 92 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 95 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% + 4% 77 Improvement in % Hb (diluted with water) Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 71 No improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 79 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 85 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Galaturonic Acid 1% 37 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galaturonic Acid 1% + 10 mM 41 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galaturonic Acid 0.10% 75 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galaturonic Acid 0.1% + 10 mM 72 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galaturonic Acid 0.01% 69 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Galaturonic Acid 0.01% + 10 mM 73 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid 0.20% 70 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.2% + 10 mM 58 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid 0.10% 70 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.1% + 10 mM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid 0.05% 68 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.05% + 10 mM 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid 0.01% 69 No improvement Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.01% + 10 mM 74 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 76 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM + 10 mM 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 83 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM + 10 mM 82 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 15% 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 15% + 10 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 15% + 10 mM 76 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Buffer + CaCl2 + MgSO4 15% + 10 mM + 10 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% 71 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 10 mM 77 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 10 mM 79 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 10 mM + 10 mM 80 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM + 10 mM 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM + 5 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride + Magnesium Sulfate 5 mM + 5 mm 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 80 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 92 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM + 10 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM + 5 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 5 mM + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 5 mM + 5 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 15% 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 10 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 10 mM 86 Improvement in % Hb Magnesium Sulfate Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 10 mM + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 10 mM + 5 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 5 mM + 10 mM 82 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 15% + 5 mM + 5 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery pH Adjustments Hb Collection Buffer, pH 6.5 NA 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 79 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HR Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% + 10 mM 89 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.01% + 10 mM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.025% + 10 mM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.05% + 10 mM 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.075% + 10 mM 79 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.1% + 10 mM 64 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Polygalacturonic Acid + Calcium Chloride 0.125% + 10 mM 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) 0.01% 58 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) 0.01% + 10 mM 62 No Improvement CaCl2 Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) 0.05% 56 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) + 0.5% + 10 mM 58 No Improvement CaCl2 Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) 0.10% 46 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) + 0.1% + 10 mM 45 No Improvement CaCl2 Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) 0.20% 29 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) + 0.2% + 10 mM 25 No Improvement CaCl2 Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) 0.01% 61 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) + CaCl2 0.01% + 10 mM 62 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) 0.05% 50 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) + CaCl2 0.05% + 10 mM 57 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) 0.10% 57 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) + CaCl2 0.1% + 10 mM 52 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) 0.20% 56 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Synthetic) + CaCl2 0.2% + 10 mM 50 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% + 10 mM 80 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) 0.01% 59 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) + CaCl2 0.01% + 10 mM 61 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) 0.05% 53 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) + CaCl2 0.05% + 10 mM 59 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) 0.10% 54 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) + CaCl2 0.1% + 10 mM 64 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) 0.20% 48 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) + CaCl2 0.2% + 10 mM 54 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 79 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 81 Improvement in % Hb Calcium Chloride Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 100% 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 100% + 10 mM 83 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 100% + 10 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 100% + 10 mM + 10 mM 82 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) 100% 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 100% + 10 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 100% + 10 mM 76 Improvement in % Hb MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN ab171537) + 100% + 10 mM + 10 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 100% 71 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 100% + 10 mM 77 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 100% + 10 mM 79 Improvement in % Hb MgSO4 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) + 100% + 10 mM + 10 mM 80 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2 + MgSO4 Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride, pH 6.5 10 mM 72 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102), 15% 87 Improvement in % Hb pH 6.5 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) + 15% + 10 mM 86 Improvement in % Hb CaCl2, pH 6.5 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components BSA 10% 66 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA, pH 6.5 10% 69 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA + HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R- 10% + 15% 80 Improvement in % Hb 102), pH 6.5 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components BSA 5% 67 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA, pH 6.5 5% 67 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA + HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R- 5% + 15% 74 Improvement in % Hb 102), pH 6.5 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components BSA 1% 56 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA, pH 6.5 1% 60 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA + HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R- 1% + 15% 75 Improvement in % Hb 102), pH 6.5 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components BSA 0.50% 50 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA, pH 6.5 0.50% 56 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA + HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R- 0.5% + 15% 80 Improvement in % Hb 102), pH 6.5 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components BSA 0% 47 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA, pH 6.5 0% 51 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components BSA + HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R- 0% + 15% 83 Improvement in % Hb 102), pH 6.5 Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 1 uM 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 10 uM 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 100 uM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 96 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 10 uM 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 100 uM 73 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride 1 uM + 1 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride 10 uM + 10 uM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride 100 uM + 100 uM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Iron (II) Chloride 1 uM + 1 uM 71 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Iron (II) Chloride 10 uM + 10 uM 65 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Iron (II) Chloride 100 uM + 100 uM 71 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Iron (III) Chloride 1 uM + 1 uM 65 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Iron (III) Chloride 10 uM + 10 uM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Iron (III) Chloride 100 uM + 100 uM 60 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02) 0.15 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 0.001 uM 54 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 0.01 uM 50 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 0.1 uM 50 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 1 uM 74 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.001 uM 51 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.01 uM 73 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.1 uM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 66 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride 0.001 uM + 0.001 uM 59 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride 0.01 uM + 0.01 uM 51 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride 0.1 uM + 0.1 uM 57 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride 1 uM + 1 uM 53 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 66 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102), 15% 93 Improvement in % Hb pH 6.5 Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 0.1 uM 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 1 uM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 10 uM 63 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Copper 0.1 uM 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Copper 1 uM 67 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Copper 10 uM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Magnesium 0.1 uM 65 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Magnesium 1 uM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Magnesium 10 uM 73 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin 0.1 uM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin 1 uM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin 10 uM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.1 uM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 10 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102), 15% 89 Improvement in % Hb pH 6.5 Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.5 0.0003% 101 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA 1.5 mM + 1.5 mM 80 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA 22.5 mM + 22.5 mM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA 3 mM + 1.5 mM 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA 45 mM + 22.5 mM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA 4.5 mM + 1.5 mM 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA 67.5 mM + 22.5 mM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin + BSA 1.5 mM + 1.5 mM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin + BSA 22.5 mM + 22.5 mM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin + BSA 3 mM + 1.5 mM 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin + BSA 45 mM + 22.5 mM 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin + BSA 4.5 mM + 1.5 mM 71 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Tin + BSA 67.5 mM + 22.5 mM 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc + BSA 1.5 mM + 1.5 mM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc + BSA 22.5 mM + 22.5 mM 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc + BSA 3 mM + 1.5 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc + BSA 45 mM + 22.5 mM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc + BSA 4.5 mM + 1.5 mM 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc + BSA 67.5 mM + 22.5 mM 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + BSA 1.5 mM + 1.5 mM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + BSA 22.5 mM + 22.5 mM 63 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + BSA 3 mM + 1.5 mM 64 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + BSA 45 mM + 22.5 mM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + BSA 4.5 mM + 1.5 mM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX + BSA 67.5 mM + 22.5 mM 65 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02), 15% 95 Improvement in % Hb pH 6.5 Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 0.1 uM 67 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 1 uM 74 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 10 uM 64 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 0.1 uM 72 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 1 uM 78 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 10 uM 116 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 0.1 uM 71 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 1 uM 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 10 uM 117 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Mangansese 0.1 uM 74 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Mangansese 1 uM 72 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Mangansese 10 uM 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.1 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 95 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 10 uM 93 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02), 15% 91 No Improvement pH 6.5 Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 1 uM 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 2.5 uM 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 5 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 1 uM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 2.5 uM 96 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 5 uM 93 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Magnesium 10 uM 61 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Magnesium 25 uM 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Magnesium 50 uM 76 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Mangansese 0.025 uM 54 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Mangansese 0.05 uM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Mangansese 0.1 uM 63 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.5 0.00% 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102), 15% 91 Improvement in % Hb pH 6.5 Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 5 uM 103  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 2.5 uM 109  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.1 uM 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 0.1 uM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 1 uM 95 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.1 uM 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 0.1 uM 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 1 uM 103  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.1 uM 79 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 0.1 uM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 1 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 0.1 uM 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 0.1 uM 77 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc 1 uM 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 6.5 1 uM 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 71 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 79 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% + 10 mM 85 No Improvement CaCl2 Saccharides/Sugars Galaturonic Acid 1% 37 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Galaturonic Acid + CaCl2 1% + 10 mM 41 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Galaturonic Acid 0.10% 75 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Galaturonic Acid + CaCl2 0.1% + 10 mM 72 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Galaturonic Acid 0.01% 69 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Galaturonic Acid + CaCl2 0.01% + 10 mM 73 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid 0.20% 70 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid + CaCl2 0.2% + 10 mM 58 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid 0.10% 70 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid + CaCl2 0.1% + 10 mM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid 0.05% 68 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid + CaCl2 0.05% + 10 mM 75 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid 0.01% 69 No Improvement Saccharides/Sugars Polygalacturonic Acid + CaCl2 0.01% + 10 mM 74 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (DMSO) 0.0003% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.0003% 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (NaHCO3) 0.0003% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (DMSO) 0.15% + 0.0003% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.15% + 0.0003% 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (NaHCO3) 0.15% + 0.0003% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (DMSO) 0.001% + 0.0001% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (DMSO) 0.01% + 0.001% 93 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (DMSO) 0.1% + 0.01% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.001% + 0.0001% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.01% + 0.001% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.1% + 0.01% 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (NaHCO3) 0.001% + 0.0001% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (NaHCO3) 0.01% + 0.001% 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin (NaHCO3) 0.1% + 0.01% 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102), 15% 93 Improvement in % Hb pH 6.5 Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.0003% 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.00005% 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.00009% 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.00018% 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.00037% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.00075% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.00015% 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.003% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH), pH 6.5 0.00005% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH), pH 6.5 0.00009% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH), pH 6.5 0.00018% 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH), pH 6.5 0.00037% 95 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH), pH 6.5 0.00075% 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH), pH 6.5 0.00015% 94 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH), pH 6.5 0.003% 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 95 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.0003% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Alternate Hb CB Formulation Hb CB 10% BSA NA 75 NA Alternate Hb CB Formulation Hb CB 5% BSA NA 73 NA Alternate Hb CB Formulation Hb CB 1% BSA NA 66 NA Alternate Hb CB Formulation Hb CB 0% BSA NA 53 NA Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 10% BSA 0.00003% 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 5% BSA 0.00003% 80 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 1% BSA 0.00003% 74 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 0% BSA 0.00003% 65 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 10% BSA 0.0003% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 5% BSA 0.0003% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 1% BSA 0.0003% 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 0% BSA 0.0003% 71 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 10% BSA 0.003% 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 5% BSA 0.003% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 1% BSA 0.003% 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Hemin + Hb CB 0% BSA 0.003% 62 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.0003% 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + CaCl2 0.0003% + 10 mM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + MgSO4 0.0003% + 10 mM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + FeCl2 0.0003% + 4.8 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + FeCl2 0.0003% + 9.6 uM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + FeCl2 0.0003% + 2.4 uM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + FeCl3 0.0003% + 4.8 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + FeCl3 0.0003% + 9.6 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + FeCl3 0.0003% + 2.4 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin 1% + 0.0003% 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + CaCl2 1% + 0.0003% + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + MgSO4 1% + 0.0003% + 10 mM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + FeCl2 1% + 0.0003% + 4.8 uM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + FeCl2 1% + 0.0003% + 9.6 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + FeCl2 1% + 0.0003% + 2.4 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + FeCl3 1% + 0.0003% + 4.8 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + FeCl3 1% + 0.0003% + 9.6 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin BSA + Hemin + FeCl3 1% + 0.0003% + 2.4 uM 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN 85R-102) 15% 94 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.4 0.0003% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.5 0.0003% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.6 0.0003% 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.7 0.0003% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.8 0.0003% 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.9 0.0003% 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 7.0 0.0003% 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 7.1 0.0003% 88 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 7.2 0.0003% 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 7.3 0.0003% 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 7.4 0.0003% 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 7.5 0.0003% 79 Improvement in % Hb Recovery HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer (PN SZ02), 15% 93 Improvement in % Hb pH 6.5 Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin (H2O:NaOH) 0.0003% 95 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Alternate Hb CB Formulation BSA 22.5 uM 80 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin 4.5 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Sodium Azide 4.5 uM + 0.0072% 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Sodium Azide 4.5 uM + 0.014% 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + Sodium Azide 4.5 uM + 0.029% 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Alternate Hb CB Formulation Sodium Azide 0.0072% 72 No Improvement Alternate Hb CB Formulation Sodium Azide 0.014% 72 No Improvement Alternate Hb CB Formulation Sodium Azide 0.029% 73 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA 4.5 uM + 22.5 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA + Sodium Azide 4.5 uM + 22.5 uM + 0.0072% 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA + Sodium Azide 4.5 uM + 22.5 uM + 0.014% 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin + BSA + Sodium Azide 4.5 uM + 22.5 uM + 0.029% 93 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin 4.8 uM 81 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 2.5 uM 105  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 1) 1.25 uM 76 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 1) 2.5 uM 85 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 1) 5 uM 103  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 1) 6.5 uM 102  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 2) 1.25 uM 75 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 2) 2.5 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 2) 5 uM 97 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 2) 6.5 uM 108  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 3) 1.25 uM 71 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 3) 2.5 uM 83 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 3) 5 uM 103  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt (Vendor 3) 6.5 uM 112  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Gallium 1.25 uM 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Gallium 2.5 uM 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Gallium 5 uM 71 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Gallium 6.5 uM 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 5 uM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 1) 1.25 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 1) 2.5 uM 78 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 1) 5 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 1) 6.5 uM 104  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 2) 1.25 uM 72 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 2) 2.5 uM 71 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 2) 5 uM 82 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium (Vendor 2) 6.5 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt 5 uM 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Chromium 2.5 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Bovine 2.4 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Bovine 4.8 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Bovine 9.6 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hematin 2.4 uM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hematin 3.6 uM 84 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hematin 4.8 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hematin 6 uM 89 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hematin 7.2 uM 87 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hematin 8.4 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hematin 9.6 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Porcine (Vendor 1) 2.4 uM 91 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Porcine (Vendor 1) 4.8 uM 104  Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Porcine (Vendor 1) 9.6 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Porcine (Vendor 2) 2.4 uM 86 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Porcine (Vendor 2) 4.8 uM 90 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Protoporphyrin Hemin, Porcine (Vendor 2) 9.6 uM 92 Improvement in % Hb Recovery Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (10,000 Da) 1% 68 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (10,000 Da) 0.50% 65 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (10,000 Da) 0.10% 70 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (10,000 Da) 0.05% 67 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (10,000 Da) + CaCl2 0.1% + 10 mM 77 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (40,000 Da) 1% 68 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (40,000 Da) 0.50% 67 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (40,000 Da) 0.10% 65 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (40,000 Da) 0.05% 68 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (40,000 Da) + CaCl2 0.1% + 10 mM 75 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Propylene Glycol 1% 67 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Propylene Glycol 0.50% 65 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Propylene Glycol 0.10% 69 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Bilirubin 0.00003% 70 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Bilirubin 0.00030% 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Bilirubin 0.00300% 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Bilirubin 0.03000% 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Biliverdin 0.00003% 68 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Biliverdin 0.00030% 66 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Biliverdin 0.00300% 67 No Improvement Protoporphyrin Biliverdin 0.03000% 60 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (350,000 Da) 0.10% 71 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (350,000 Da) 0.50% 69 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (350,000 Da) 1% 77 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (350,000 Da) 2% 54 No Improvement Non covalent Hb interactions Polyvinylpyrrolidone (350,000 Da) + CaCl2 0.5% + 10 mM 76 No Improvement

APPENDIX C Additive % Hb Compound Classification Additive Concentration Recovery Results Hb Collection Buffer - No NA 70 Current Buffer additive Formulation Polymedco Buffer - No NA 80 Additive Preservatives with thiol Sodium Thiosulfate 0.02% 52 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Sodium Thiosulfate 0.01% 59 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Sodium Thiosulfate 0.005%  62 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Sodium Thiosulfate 0.0025%  65 No Improvement groups Redox/antioxidants (±)-α-Lipoic acid 0.0126%  64 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants (±)-α-Lipoic acid 0.0063%  69 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants (±)-α-Lipoic acid 0.0032%  69 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants (±)-α-Lipoic acid 0.0016%  70 No Improvement Metal Chelators Ethylenediamine-N,N′- 1 mM 68 No Improvement disuccinic acid (EDDS) Metal Chelators Ethylenediamine-N,N′- 10 mM 58 No Improvement disuccinic acid (EDDS) Crosslinkers Poly (acrylic acid) 0.1 mM 66 No Improvement Crosslinkers Poly (acrylic acid) 1 mM 56 No Improvement Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Imidazole 0.25 mM 68 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Imidazole 0.5 mM 63 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Hydroxylamine 0.25 mM 66 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Hydroxylamine 0.5 mM 66 No Improvement (cyanide) Non-covalent Hb Dextran Sulphate 0.25 mM 69 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb Dextran Sulphate 0.5 mM 65 No Improvement interactions Redox/antioxidants mPEG2K-Lipoic Acid 0.1 mM 67 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants mPEG2K-Lipoic Acid 0.5 mM 64 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Urea 50 mM 60 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Urea 100 mM 63 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 1 mM 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 10 mM 62 No Improvement Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 1 mM 65 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 10 mM 40 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Preservatives with thiol Cysteine 1 mM 46 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Cysteine 10 mM 36 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Glutathione 1 mM 62 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Glutathione 3 mM 62 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Dithiothreitol 0.1 mM 63 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Dithiothreitol 1 mM 59 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol TCEP 0.1 mM 64 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol TCEP 1 mM 70 No Improvement groups Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 5 mM 69 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 24 mM 65 No improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 10 mM 38 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 25 mM 22 No Improvement Metal Chelators Deferoxamine Mesylate Salt 1 mM 67 No Improvement Metal Chelators Deferoxamine Mesylate Salt 5 mM 58 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 1 mM 65 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 10 mM 62 No Improvement Substrates Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) 1 mM 68 No Improvement Crosslinkers Poly (acrylic acid) 0.01 mM 65 No Improvement Crosslinkers Poly (acrylic acid) 0.001 mM 68 No Improvement Preservatives with thiol Cysteine 0.01 mM 68 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Cysteine 0.1 mM 61 No Improvement groups Non-covalent Hb Dextran Sulphate 0.0025 mM 69 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb Dextran Sulphate 0.025 mM 66 No Improvement interactions Substrates Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) 0.0005 mM 70 No Improvement Substrates Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) 0.002 mM 66 No Improvement Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 0.01 mM 70 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 0.1 mM 67 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Preservatives with thiol TCEP 0.005 mM 59 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol TCEP 0.01 mM 28 No Improvement groups Metal Chelators EDTA: Disodium Salt 5 mM 66 No Improvement Metal Chelators EDTA: Disodium Salt 10 mM 63 No Improvement Metal Chelators EDTA: Disodium Salt 30 mM 59 No Improvement Non-covalent Hb Heparin 2.5 uM 68 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb Heparin 25 uM 65 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb Heparin 250 uM 66 No Improvement interactions Sulfonic Acids Methanedisulfonic acid 0.114 mM 66 No Improvement dipotassium salt Sulfonic Acids Methanedisulfonic acid 1.14 mM 67 No Improvement dipotassium salt Sulfonic Acids Methanedisulfonic acid 10.69 mM 66 No Improvement dipotassium salt Non-covalent Hb PEG20000 0.024 mM 66 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb PEG20000 0.24 mM 68 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb PEG20000 24 mM 62 No Improvement interactions Sulfonic Acids Propanedisulfonic acid 0.4 mM 64 No Improvement disodium salt Sulfonic Acids Propanedisulfonic acid 4 mM 66 No Improvement disodium salt Sulfonic Acids Propanedisulfonic acid 40 mM 66 No Improvement disodium salt Flavoniods Quercetin 0.6 uM 64 No Improvement Flavoniods Quercetin 6 uM 67 No Improvement Flavoniods Quercetin 60 uM 59 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Uric Acid 0.6 uM 67 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Uric Acid 6 uM 65 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Uric Acid 60 uM 65 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 10 uM 68 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 100 uM 65 No Improvement Osmolytes Betaine 50 uM 56 No Improvement Osmolytes Betaine 500 uM 63 No Improvement Metal Chelators Deferoxamine Mesylate Salt 10 uM 63 No Improvement Metal Chelators Deferoxamine Mesylate Salt 100 uM 59 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 10 uM 68 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea 100 uM 62 No Improvement Preservatives with thiol Dithiothreitol 1 uM 65 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Dithiothreitol 10 uM 61 No Improvement groups Metal Chelators Ethylenediamine-N,N′- 10 uM 66 No Improvement disuccinic acid (EDDS) Metal Chelators Ethylenediamine-N,N′- 100 uM 64 No Improvement disuccinic acid (EDDS) Preservatives with thiol Glutathione 10 uM 65 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Glutathione 100 uM 56 No Improvement groups Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Hydroxylamine 2.5 uM 63 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Hydroxylamine 25 uM 63 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Imidazole 2.5 uM 70 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Imidazole 25 uM 66 No Improvement (cyanide) Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 10 uM 68 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Imidazolidinyl Urea 100 uM 65 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants mPEG2K-Lipoic Acid 10 uM 66 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants mPEG2K-Lipoic Acid 100 uM 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 5 uM 66 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Raffinose 50 uM 64 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide 500 uM 64 No Improvement (TMANO) Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide 5 mM 63 No Improvement (TMANO) Redox/antioxidants Urea 500 uM 66 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Urea 5 mM 62 No Improvement Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 10 mM 42 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Metal Chelators Iminodisuccinic acid 10 mM 59 No Improvement Preservatives with thiol Cysteine 0.1 uM 65 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Cysteine 1 uM 67 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol Cysteine 5 uM 65 No Improvement groups Non-covalent Hb Dextran Sulphate 0.2 uM 69 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb Dextran Sulphate 1 uM 65 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb Dextran Sulphate 2 uM 67 No Improvement interactions Substrates Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) 0.5 uM 67 No Improvement Substrates Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) 5 uM 68 No Improvement Substrates Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) 50 uM 66 No Improvement Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 0.1 uM 67 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 1 uM 65 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Metal Chelators N,N-is-(Carboxymethyl)-L- 5 uM 68 No Improvement glutamic acid tetrasodiumn salt (GLDA) Non-covalent Hb PEG2000 0.033 uM 68 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb PEG2000 0.33 uM 66 No Improvement interactions Non-covalent Hb PEG2000 3.3 uM 66 No Improvement interactions Redox/antioxidants mPEG2K-Lipoic Acid 0.1 uM 67 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants mPEG2K-Lipoic Acid 1 uM 65 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants mPEG2K-Lipoic Acid 5 uM 66 No Improvement Preservatives with thiol TCEP 250 uM 62 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol TCEP 500 uM 66 No Improvement groups Preservatives with thiol TCEP 750 uM 68 No Improvement groups Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 0.2 uM 69 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid l uM 68 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Ascorbic Acid 5 uM 64 No Improvement Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + 10 uM and 10 65 No Improvement Imidazolidinyl Urea uM Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + 100 uM and 56 No Improvement Imidazolidinyl Urea 100 uM Formaldehyde Releaser Diazolidinyl Urea + 1 mM and 1 61 No Improvement Imidazolidinyl Urea mM Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 72 uM 67 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 720 uM 69 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Glucose 7.2 mM 67 No Improvement Crosslinkers Magnesium Gluconate 1.2 uM 68 No Improvement Crosslinkers Magnesium Gluconate 12 uM 63 No Improvement Crosslinkers Magnesium Gluconate 120 uM 71 No Improvement Enzyme inhibitors Sodium Fluoride 8.5 uM 68 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitors Sodium Fluoride 85 uM 67 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitors Sodium Fluoride 850 uM 70 No Improvement Enzyme Inhibitors Sodium Fluoride and 950 uM and 65 No Improvement Glucose 7.2 mM Enzyme Inhibitors Sodium Fluoride and 950 uM and 67 No Improvement Glucose 72 uM Enzyme Inhibitors Sodium Fluoride and 950 uM and 65 No Improvement Glucose 720 uM Redox/antioxidants Urea 2.5 uM 70 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Urea 25 uM 69 No Improvement Redox/antioxidants Urea 250 uM 70 No Improvement Formaldehyde + Ammonium Acetate + 10 mM + 66 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde 0.02% Formaldehyde + Ammonium Acetate + 100 mM + 58 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde 0.1% Formaldehyde + Ammonium Acetate + 767 mM + 1% 37 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Chloride + 10 mM + 0.02% 63 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Chloride + 50 mM + 0.1% 56 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Chloride + 95 mM + 1% 17 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Oxalate + 0.1 mM + 0.2% 65 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Oxalate + 1 mM + 0.1% 55 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Oxalate + 4.8 mM + 1% 19 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Sulfate + 1 mM + 0.02% 65 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Sulfate + 10 mM + 0.1% 58 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Formaldehyde + Ammonium Sulfate + 243 mM + 1% 11 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde Metal Chelators ATMP 0.02 mM 65 No Improvement Metal Chelators ATMP 0.2 mM 67 No Improvement Metal Chelators ATMP 2 mM 42 No Improvement Crosslinkers Cysteamine 0.016 mM 66 No Improvement Crosslinkers Cysteamine 0.16 mM 62 No Improvement Crosslinkers Cysteamine 1.6 mM 45 No Improvement Formaldehyde + Hexamethylenetetramine 14 mM 63 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Hexamethylenetetramine 140 mM 55 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Formaldehyde + Hexamethylenetetramine 500 mM 52 No Improvement Ammonium Salt Complexes Osmolytes Betaine 50 mM 55 No Improvement Osmolytes Betaine 96 mM 49 No Improvement Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide 50 mM 65 No Improvement (TMANO) Osmolytes Trimethylamine N-oxide 87 mM 65 No Improvement (TMANO) Metal Chelators Trisodium N-(1- 0.1 mM 69 No Improvement Carboxylatoethyl)iminodiacetate Hydrate (MGDA) Metal Chelators Trisodium N-(1- 1 mM 65 No Improvement Carboxylatoethyl)iminodiacetate Hydrate (MGDA) Metal Chelators Trisodium N-(1- 10 mM 49 No Improvement Carboxylatoethyl)iminodiacetate Hydrate (MGDA) Flavoniods 7,8 dihydroxyflavone 0.01 mM 60 No Improvement hydrate Flavoniods 7,8 dihydroxyflavone 0.1 mM 59 No improvement hydrate Flavoniods 7,8 dihydroxyflavone 1 mM 36 No Improvement hydrate Crosslinkers Bis(3,5- 5 uM 65 No Improvement dibromosalilcyl)fumarate Crosslinkers Bis(3,5- 10 uM 59 No Improvement dibromosalilcyl)fumarate Crosslinkers Bis(3,5- 100 uM 43 No Improvement dibromosalilcyl)fumarate Flavoniods Daidzein 0.01 mM 66 No Improvement Flavoniods Daidzein 0.1 mM 62 No Improvement Flavoniods Daidzein 1 mM 42 No Improvement Substrates Arginine 0.058 mM 66 No Improvement Substrates Arginine 0.58 mM 68 No Improvement Substrates Arginine 5.8 mM 59 No Improvement Flavoniods Chrysin 0.0254 mM 67 No Improvement Flavoniods Chrysin 0.254 mM 56 No Improvement Flavoniods Chrysin 2.54 mM 44 No Improvement Crosslinkers Dimethyl 3,3′- 0.0032 mM 67 No Improvement dithioproprionimidate dihydrochloride Crosslinkers Dimethyl 3,3′- 0.032 mM 63 No Improvement dithioproprionimidate dihydrochloride Crosslinkers Dimethyl 3,3′- 0.32 mM 52 No Improvement dithioproprionimidate dihydrochloride Substrates Lysine 0.0687 mM 67 No Improvement Substrates Lysine 0.687 mM 67 No Improvement Substrates Lysine 6.87 mM 59 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 0.0895 mM 71 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 0.895 mM 66 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 8.95 mM 61 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.0174 mM 65 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.174 mM 68 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 1.74 mM 66 No Improvement Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium 0.01 mM 69 No Improvement Chloride Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium 0.1 mM 64 No Improvement Chloride Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium 1 mM 70 No Improvement Chloride Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium 0.01 mM + 68 No Improvement Chloride + NaBr 0.01 mM Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium 0.1 mM + 0.1 66 No Improvement Chloride + NaBr mM Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium 1 mM + 1 mM 68 No Improvement Chloride + NaBr Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3- 0.01 mM 66 No Improvement methylimidazoium Chloride Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3- 0.1 mM 67 No Improvement methylimidazoium Chloride Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3- 1 mM 65 No Improvement methylimidazoium Chloride Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3- 0.01 mM + 66 No Improvement methylimidazoium Chloride + 0.01 mM NaBr Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3- 0.1 mM + 0.1 mM 63 No Improvement methylimidazoium Chloride + NaBr Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3- 1 mM + 1 mM 67 No Improvement methylimidazoium Chloride + NaBr Osmolytes Ectoine 0.072 mM 61 No Improvement Osmolytes Ectoine 0.718 mM 64 No Improvement Osmolytes Ectoine 5 mM 45 No Improvement Osmolytes Firoin 0.038 mM 68 No Improvement Osmolytes Firoin 0.377 mM 68 No Improvement Osmolytes Firoin 1 mM 69 No Improvement Substrates Arginine 0.0058 mM 69 No Improvement Substrates Arginine 0.058 mM 68 No Improvement Substrates Arginine 0.25 mM 66 No Improvement Flavoniods Chrysin 0.0000254 mM 68 No Improvement Flavoniods Chrysin 0.0000254 mM 70 No Improvement Flavoniods Chrysin 0.00254 mM 68 No Improvement Crosslinkers Dimethyl 3,3′- 0.0000032 mM 69 No Improvement dithioproprionimidate dihydrochloride Crosslinkers Dimethyl 3,3′- 0.000032 mM 68 No Improvement dithioproprionimidate dihydrochloride Crosslinkers Dimethyl 3,3′- 0.00032 mM 68 No Improvement dithioproprionimidate dihydrochloride Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Histidine 0.0028 mM 66 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Histidine 0.0228 mM 71 No Improvement (cyanide) Similar to Drabkin's Reagent Histidine 0.228 mM 68 No Improvement (cyanide) Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 0.0000895 mM 67 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 0.000895 mM 67 No Improvement Substrates Sodium Bicarbonate 0.00895 mM 67 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 1.74 mM 70 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 10 mM 70 No Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 16.76 mM 71 No Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer   5% 79 Improvement (PN SZ02) Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Calcium Chloride 10 mM 76 Improvement Polyvalent Ions/Metal Salts Magnesium Sulfate 10 mM 74 Improvement HRP Stabilization HRP Conjugate Stabilizer   15% 70 Improvement Components (PN 85R-102) Osmolytes Betaine 3.5M 78 Improvement HRP Stabilizer Components HRP Conjugate Stabilizer   15% 79 Improvement (PN SZ02) Sugars/Saccharides Sucrose 0.24M  75 Improvement Sugars/Saccharides Trehalose 0.3M 77 Improvement Protoporphyrin Hemin, pH 6.5 0.0003%  90 Improvement Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 1 uM 89 Improvement 6.5 Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Zinc, pH 1 uM 75 Improvement 7.4 Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 2.5 uM 117 Improvement Chromium, pH 6.5 Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX 2.5 uM 102 Improvement Chromium, pH 7.4 Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt, 5 uM 109 Improvement pH 6.5 Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin IX Cobalt, 5 uM 111 Improvement pH 7.4

APPENDIX D Compound Classification Compound Combinations Crosslinkers 4arm-PEG2K-Maleimide + Iminothiolane hydrochloride mPEG-Mal, 5K + Iminothiolane hydrochloride Sugars/Saccharides Trehlose + Glycine Trehalose + Glycerol Glucose + Glycine Glucose + Glycerol Trehalose + Glucose DEAE-Dextrose + Ethylene Glycol + Calcium Chloride Sucrose + Glucose Sucrose + Trehalose Sucrose + Raffinose Raffinose + Trehalose Raffinose + Glucose Raffinose + Betaine Raffinose + CaCl2 Raffinose + Ectoine Raffinose + MgSO4 Raffinose + TMANO Sucrose + Betaine Sucrose + CaCl2 Sucrose + Ectoine Sucrose + MgSO4 Sucrose + TMANO Trehalose + Betaine Trehalose + CaCl2 Trehalose + Ectoine Trehalose + MgSO4 Trehalose + TMANO Glucose + Betaine Glucose + CaCl2 Glucose + Ectoine Glucose + MgSO4 Glucose + TMANO Sodium Fluoride + Glucose Polygalacturonic Acid + CaCl2 Galacturonic Acid + CaCl2 Sodium Alginate (synthetic) + CaCl2 Sodium Alginate (Medium Viscosity) + CaCl2 Sodium Alginate (Low Viscosity) + CaCl2 Formaldehyde Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine + Formaldehyde Releasers Diazolidinyl Urea + Glycine Diazolidinyl Urea + Zinc Imidazolidinyl Urea + Glycine + Formaldehyde Imidazolidinyl Urea + Glycine Imidazolidinyl Urea + Diazolidinyl Urea Protoporphyrins Protoporphyrin IX + Iron Chloride Hemin + BSA Protoporphyrin IX Tin + BSA Protoporphyrin IX Zinc + BSA Protoporphyrin IX + BSA Protoporphyrin IX + Zinc Chloride Hemin + CaCl2 Hemin + MgSO4 Hemin + FeCl2 Hemin + FeCl3 BSA + Hemin BSA + Hemin + CaCl2 BSA + Hemin + MgSO4 BSA + Hemin + FeCl2 BSA + Hemin + FeCl3 Hemin + Sodium Azide Hemin + BSA + Sodium Azide Formaldehyde + Ammonium Chloride + Formaldehyde Ammonium Salt Ammonium Oxalate + Formaldehyde Complexes Ammonium Sulfate + Formaldehyde Ammonium Acetate + Formaldehyde Ionic Liquids 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride + Sodium Bromide 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride + Sodium Bromide Polyvalent Ions/ Copper Chloride + Sucrose Metal Salts Iron Chloride + Sucrose Nickel Chloride + Sucrose Zinc Chloride + Sucrose Cobalt Chloride + Sucrose Magnesium Sulfate + Sucrose Calcium Propoinate + PEG 8000 Calcium Propoinate + PEG 8000 + Calcium Chloride Calcium + Cobalt Calcium + Copper Calcium + Iron Calcium + Magnesium Calcium + Nickel Calcium + Zinc Cobalt + Copper Cobalt + Iron Cobalt + Magnesium Cobalt + Nickel Cobalt + Zinc Copper + Magnesium Copper + Nickel Copper + Zinc Iron + Magnesium Iron + Nickel Iron + Zinc Magnesium + Nickel Magnesium + Zinc Calcium Chloride + PEG 8000 Calcium Chloride + PEG 20000 Calcium Chloride + PEG 2000 Nickel + Zinc Iron Chloride + EDTA Iron Chloride + IDA Iron Chloride + GLDA HRP Stabilizer Surmodics HRP Stabilization Buffer + Components Magnesium Sulfate Surmodics HRP Stabilization Buffer + Calcium Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Magnesium Sulfate Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Calcium Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Cobalt Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Copper Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Nickel Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Zinc Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Iron (III) Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Aluminum Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Lithium Chloride Fitzgerald HRP Conjugate Buffer + Sodium Chloride 

We claim:
 1. A method of stabilizing hemoglobin (Hb) in a stool sample, comprising: combining the stool sample with a stool resuspension solution comprising a protoporphyrin complexed with Cr³⁺ or Co³⁺ to produce a suspension, wherein the protoporphyrin complexed with Cr³⁺ or Co³⁺ stabilizes Hb in the stool sample.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising maintaining the suspension for a period of 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days at ambient temperature.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising shipping the suspension to a remote location.
 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising shipping the suspension to a remote location.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the stool resuspension solution comprises protoporphyrin complexed with Cr³⁺.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the stool resuspension solution comprises protoporphyrin complexed with Co³⁺.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the protoporphyrin is protoporphyrin IX.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the protoporphyrin is protoporphyrin IX.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the protoporphyrin is protoporphyrin IX.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the stool resuspension solution has a pH in the range of pH 6.5 to pH 7.4.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the concentration of protoporphyrin IX complexed with Cr³⁺ is 1.25-5 μM.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the stool resuspension solution has a pH in the range of pH 6.9 to pH 7.4.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the concentration of protoporphyrin IX complexed with Cr³⁺ is 1.5-4.5 μM.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the concentration of protoporphyrin IX complexed with Cr³⁺ is 2.5 μM.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the stool resuspension solution has a pH in the range of pH 6.9 to pH 7.4.
 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the concentration of protoporphyrin IX complexed with Co³⁺ is 2.5-10 μM.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the stool resuspension solution has a pH in the range of pH 6.5 to pH 7.4.
 18. The method of claim 9, wherein the concentration of protoporphyrin IX complexed with Co³⁺ is 3-5 μM.
 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the stool resuspension solution comprises a buffer, bovine serum albumin, polysorbate 20, sodium azide, sodium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and gentamicin.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the buffer is Tris buffer. 